Use of B-mode ultrasonography for fetal sex determination in dogs

Gil, Elaine Mayumi Ueno; Garcia, Daniela Sottili; Giannico, Amália Turner; Froes, Tilde Rodrigues

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.020

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…All fetuses were born healthy; indications for caesarian-section were based on ultrasonic detection of changes in fetal heart rate (Gil et al, 2014a). The small sample size may be considered a limiting factor of the present study, however, is consistent with the methodology used by Gil et al (2014Gil et al ( , 2015aGil et al ( , 2015b in previous studies in which there was determination of values for several clinical variables that are commonly used as reference values for dog pregnancies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Placental ARFI elastography and biometry evaluation in bitches

Simões

Maronezi

Uscátegui

et al. 2020

Animal Reproduction Science

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Placental rigidity and biometry of twelve pregnant bitches were evaluated using B-mode and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasonography, performed once daily, from day 15 of gestation until parturition. Specific software (Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification® VTTQ and Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification® VTTIQ) were used. Values for results for variables were correlated and regression models related to gestational day were used to make evaluations. Maternal-fetal placental thickness increased to day 63 (P < 0.0001; R² = 0.91); maternal placental thickness increased until day 40 (P = 0.0340; R² = 0.54); and fetal placental thickness increased to day 50 (P < 0.0001; R² = 0.83) of gestation. Shear wave velocity (SWV) of the dorsal (P < 0.0010) was greater than lateral, which in turn was greater (P = 0.020) than the ventral area. The SWV of the dorsal area as determined using VTTQ, decreased from day 21 to 35 and increased to day 56 of gestation (P = 0.0291; R² = 0.4021); lateral SWV decreased from day 24 to 45 and increased until the time of parturition (P < 0.001; R² = 0.6055). The SWV of the dorsal area, as determined using VTTIQ, decreased from day 21 to 43 and then increased to day 60 of gestation (P = 0.0016; R² = 0.5075); and ventral area SWV increased from day 21 to 23 and decreased until the time of parturition (P < 0.001; R² = 0.8055). Placental alterations reflect structural and biochemical gestational adaptations and can become useful techniques for obstetrics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Placental ARFI elastography and biometry evaluation in bitches

Simões

Maronezi

Uscátegui

et al. 2020

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…Foetal sex determination is possible from days 55 to term (Gil, Garcia, Giannico, & Froes, 2015). The perineal area of the foetus is scanned in the longitudinal plane.…”

Section: Foetal Gender Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The perineal area of the foetus is scanned in the longitudinal plane. The best image is obtained with the foetus in a ventral decubitus position with the pelvic limbs flexed and the ileal wings parallel to each other (Gil, Garcia, Giannico, & Froes, 2015). Female foetuses are identified by the presence of 2 hyperechoic lines that join anteriorly with a triangular shape and a central hyperechoic line (the vulva lips) (Figure 7a,b).…”

Section: Foetal Gender Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography for the evaluation of pregnancy in the female canine

Lopate

2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Ultrasonography can be used for canine pregnancy diagnosis, determination of gestational age, assessing foetal maturation and readiness for birth, monitoring high‐risk pregnancies, assessing foetal distress, evaluating bitches in dystocia and foetal gender determination. As the quality and resolution of ultrasound machines have improved, the clinician's abilities to utilize ultrasound as an integral part of reproductive evaluation of all aspects of pregnancy have exponentially increased. This paper reviews the use of ultrasonography throughout pregnancy and the advances made in the interpretation of captured images.

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“…In multiple pregnancies the method is less accurate. Gil et al found in canine pregnancy that the accuracy was 100% when there were up to two fetuses but decreased with the litter size [59]. This method is not in use in small animals where there are several fetuses in each litter.…”

Section: Physical (Anatomical) Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Prenatal Sex Determination and Their Importance in Understanding and Prevention of Gender-Related Birth Defects

Ornoy¹,

Weinstein-Fudim²,

Ergaz³

2020

Childbirth

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Various hormones, chemicals, and teratogenic agents exhibit gender-related effects in utero as well as postnatally. Among such gender-specific teratogens are endocrine disruptors, especially phthalates that affect male gonads, diabetesinduced oxidative stress with more deleterious effects on male offspring, procarbazine-induced cleft palate affecting more male fetal rats compared to females, and VPA-induced autism-like behavior that affects differently males than females. Hence, there are many needs for the accurate determination of genetic gender. In newborn animals, the morphological methods that exist for sex determination (i.e., anogenital distance) are generally inaccurate. Hence, an accurate and simple method for the prenatal and early postnatal assessment of the genetic sex, prior to reliable evaluation from the external genitalia, is of utmost importance. Indeed, several methods have been developed for accurate assessment of genetic sex, which are discussed in this chapter. Findings from studies in our laboratory have shown that the method described by McFarlan et al. for the assessment of genetic sex in adult mice by PCR of Sly/Xlr genes can be reliably used for the genetic sex determination of any tissue, including embryos and fetuses, with an accuracy of about 100%.

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Use of B-mode ultrasonography for fetal sex determination in dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Placental ARFI elastography and biometry evaluation in bitches

Placental ARFI elastography and biometry evaluation in bitches

Ultrasonography for the evaluation of pregnancy in the female canine

Methods for Prenatal Sex Determination and Their Importance in Understanding and Prevention of Gender-Related Birth Defects

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