Use of autotrophic sulfur-oxidizers to remove nitrate from bank filtrate in a permeable reactive barrier system

Study of a combined sulfur autotrophic with proton-exchange membrane electrodialytic denitrification technology: Sulfate control and pH balance

“…As reported (Wang, 1998;Koenig and Liu, 2001;Moon et al, 2004), the Zero-order and Half-order bulk reaction kinetics model could be used to fit nitrate removal in sulfur packed column.…”

Study of a combined heterotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology for removal of nitrate in water

“…Current chemical technologies for removal of nitrate like ion exchange and reverse osmosis are not selective to nitrate, generate secondary brine wastes and require generation of used medium [6]. Biological denitrification technology, which comprises heterotrophic denitrification [7][8][9][10][11] or autotrophic denitrification [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], is one of the most efficient methods for nitrates removal from water. The heterotrophic denitrification system uses organic compounds, such as methanol [7][8][9] and ethanol [10,11], as carbon source.…”

Using the combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system for groundwater denitrification

“…Half-order bulk reaction: Based on the hypotheses that the kinetics at conditions that the nitrate concentration was not so high that it can not penetrate the whole biofilm; and development of this model had been applied in a number of studies (Wang, 1998;Koenig and Liu, 2001;Moon et al, 2004). It can be expressed in integrated form:…”

“…Zero-order bulk reaction: Based on the assumption that the kinetics at conditions that sulfur as substrate was sufficient and there was no mass-transfer limitation into the biofilm (Wang, 1998;Liu and Koenig, 2002;Moon et al, 2004). It can be expressed as:…”

“…Since groundwater always has a very low concentration of biodegradable organic materials, autotrophic denitrification which utilizes CO 2 as their carbon source from water requires addition of an electron donor substrate. Elemental sulfur (Batchelor and Lawerence, 1978;Claus and Kutzner, 1985;Wang, 1998;Koenig and Liu, 2001;Liu and Koenig, 2002;Kimura et al, 2002;Moon et al, 2004;Zeng and Zhang, 2005;Sierra-Alvarez et al, 2007) and H 2 (Mansell and Schroeder, 2002;Rezania et al, 2007) as electron donor for autotrophic denitrification systems has been studied extensively.…”