Use of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and cultured bone marrow stromal cells in dogs with orthopaedic lesions

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical application in veterinary orthopedics of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and cultured bone marrow stromal cells (cBMSCs) for the treatment of some orthopaedic lesions in the dog. The authors carried out a clinical study on 14 dogs of different breed, age and size with the following lesions: 1 bone cyst of the glenoid rime; 2 nonunion of the tibia; 3 nonunion of the femur; 2 lengthening of the radius; 1 large bone defect of the distal radius;1 nonunion with carpus valgus; 4 Legg-Calvé-Perthés disease. In 9 cases the BMMCNs were used in combination with a three dimensional resorbable osteogenic scaffold the chemical composition and size of which facilitates the ingrowth of bone. In these cases the BMMNCs were suspended in an adequate amount of fibrin glue and then distribuited uniformly on a Tricalcium-Phosphate (TCP) scaffold onto which were also added some drops of thrombin. In 1 case of nonunion of the tibia and in 3 cases of Legg-Calvè-Perthés (LCP) disease the cultured BMSCs were used instead because of the small size of the dogs and of the little amount of aspirated bone marrow. X-ray examinations were performed immediately after the surgery. Clinical, ultrasounds and X-ray examinations were performed after 20 days and then every month. Until now the treated dogs have shown very good clinical and X-ray results. One of the objectives of the study was to use the BMMNCs in clinical application in orthopaedic lesions in the dog. The advantages of using the cells immediately after the bone marrow is collected, are that the surgery can be performed the same day, the cells do not need to be expanded in vitro, they preserve their osteogenic potential to form bone and promote the proper integration of the implant with the bone and lastly, the technique is easier and the costs are lower.

Canine mesenchymal stem cells: state of the art, perspectives as therapy for dogs and as a model for man

“…However, MSC expansion can take two to three weeks, which precludes their use for acute injuries (Borjesson & Peroni 2011). BM in dogs can be easily and relatively non-invasively obtained and is usually aspirated either from the proximal humerus, the proximal femur or the tuber coxae using a 15-or 16-gauge Jamshidi biopsy needle (Bruder et al 1998;Crovace et al 2008;Fortier & Travis 2011) (Figure 1). Furthermore, BM-MSCs have a greater capacity -compared to other types of MSCs -to differentiate into tissue originating from the musculoskeletal system, which is currently the most important indication for regenerative medicine in dogs (Hodgkiss-Geere et al 2012b).…”

“…Only a few studies on regenerative therapy in dogs have been performed and these mainly focused on the osteo-and chondrogenic potential to restore bone and cartilage defects and on inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis (Csaki et al 2007;Crovace et al 2008;Guercio et al 2012). Black et al (2007Black et al ( , 2008, Vilar et al (2013) and Guercio et al (2012) evaluated the effects of canine MSCs on dogs affected by osteoarthritis of the coxofemoral joints and osteoarthritis of the humeroradial joints (Black et al 2007;Black et al 2008;Guercio et al 2012;Vilar et al 2013).…”

“…The two former research groups reported comparable results for 18, 14 and 8 MSCstreated dogs, respectively, after a period of three or six months, compared to a placebo group that failed to improve (Black et al 2007;Black et al 2008;Vilar et al 2013). One other study dating also from 2008 demonstrated the successful clinical application of BM-derived canine MSCs for the treatment of some orthopaedic lesions in dogs: bone cyst of the glenoid, non-union of the tibia and femur, lengthening of the radius, large bone defect of the distal radius and Legg-Perth es-Calv e disease (Crovace et al 2008).…”

Cytotherapy of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a mini review

“…With the development of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, it is believed that the onset of ONFH originates at a cellular level [10,11], and that therapy based on cytotherapy has great potential [12][13][14]. In this review, the aetiology of ONFH, animal experiments and clinical applications of cytotherapy are summarised and analysed.…”

Isolation, Culture, Identification and Differentiation of Canine Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro

“…Therefore, dogs have been gaining wide attention as a new superior laboratory animal model for the research of human diseases. Recently, canine MSCs have been used as an alternative treatment for canine regenerative medical applications, such as bone problems and osteoarthritis (Crovace et al, 2008;). …”