Use of At-Home COVID-19 Tests — United States, August 23, 2021–March 12, 2022

Rader, Benjamin; Gertz, Autumn; Iuliano, A. Danielle; Gilmer, Matthew S.; Wronski, Laura; Astley, Christina M; Sewalk, Kara; Varrelman, Tanner J; Cohen, Jon; Parikh, Rishika; Reese, Heather; Reed, Carrie; Brownstein, John S.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7113e1

Cited by 164 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…-During Omicron BA2 wave (April 2022): Only 1 in 6 or 1 in 8 cases are reported officially at the state level. This is also consistent with the CDC surveillance data 6 that suggests the use of rapid at home tests were tripled between late 2021 and March 2022…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Estimation of the Ascertainment Bias in Covid Case Detection During the Omicron Wave

Elbanna

2022

Preprint

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Covid cases in the general population have been historically underreported due to a variety of reasons including limited access to PCR testing at the start of the pandemic, lack of nation-wide surveillance testing, and discouraged testing unless symptomatic. Concerns about underreporting have increased during the Omicron surge due to the expanded use of at-home rapid tests which are not required to be officially reported. For the state of Illinois, we have found that reported cases constituted only 50%-70% of the actual cases during the pre-Omicron waves (August 2020-December 2021). During the first Omicron (BA1) wave, this fraction dropped to 20-29% (i.e., only 1 in 4 to 1 in 5 cases are reported). During the ongoing second Omicron (BA2) surge, this fraction has further decreased to 12-18% (i.e., only 1 in 6 to 1 in 8 cases are reported). These estimates have important implications on understanding the extent of the Omicron surge at the state and national levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Estimation of the Ascertainment Bias in Covid Case Detection During the Omicron Wave

Elbanna

2022

Preprint

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“…Specific interventions for promote STI testing could be considered for those with the most pronounced declines in testing, such as males and people under stay-at-home orders. With increased use of rapid COVID-19 tests for home-based testing and high acceptable rates of home-based STI testing, public health may promote home-based STI testing among adolescents and young adults, because the broad use of rapid COVID-19 tests for home-based testing might be the trigger or opportunity for home-based STI testing in the United States 10–12 . Second, it is possible that COVID-19 disruptions may have led to more syndromic management and presumptive treatment in the absence of testing, thus obscuring the changes in chlamydia and gonorrhea suggested by these data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Tests Performed by a Large National Laboratory—United States, 2019 to 2020

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be increasingly problematic, especially early in surges, due to time-varying factors such as decreased test-seeking behaviors and increased access to and availability of at-home testing, which complicate interpretation of these metrics. 5 We estimated the number and proportion of respondents who likely had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period based on the following mutually exclusive, hierarchical case classification: 1) Confirmed case: self-report of one or more positive tests with a health care or testing provider; or 2) Probable case: self-report of a positive test result exclusively on at-home rapid tests (i.e. those that were not followed up with confirmatory diagnostic testing with a provider); or 3) Possible case: self-report of COVID-like symptoms and a known epidemiologic link (close contact) to one or more laboratory confirmed or probable (symptomatic) SARS-CoV-2 case(s) 6 in a respondent who reported never testing or only testing negative during the study period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the period prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron (BA.1) surge in New York City (NYC), January 1-March 16, 2022

Qasmieh

Robertson

Teasdale

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In a population-based survey of NYC adults, we assessed positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (including via exclusive at-home testing) and possible cases among untested respondents. An estimated 27.4% (95%CI: 22.8%-32.0%) or 1.8 million adults (95%CI: 1.6-2.1 million) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was high among groups that are more vulnerable to severe SARS-CoV-2 and death, including unvaccinated persons (21.7%, 95%CI 9.6%-33.8%) and those aged 65+ (17.8%, 95%CI 10.2-25.4%). Population-based representative surveys are an important adjunct surveillance tool to standard testing-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.

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Use of At-Home COVID-19 Tests — United States, August 23, 2021–March 12, 2022

Cited by 164 publications

References 8 publications

Estimation of the Ascertainment Bias in Covid Case Detection During the Omicron Wave

Estimation of the Ascertainment Bias in Covid Case Detection During the Omicron Wave

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Tests Performed by a Large National Laboratory—United States, 2019 to 2020

Estimating the period prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron (BA.1) surge in New York City (NYC), January 1-March 16, 2022

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