Use of Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Medications in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk

Abstract

Recent interest has focused on the role that inflammation may play in the development of prostate cancer and whether use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affects risk. In a population-based case-control study designed to investigate the relation between these medications and prostate cancer risk, detailed exposure data were analyzed from 1,001 cases diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2005, and 942 age-matched controls from King County, Washington. A significant 21% reduction in the risk of prostate cancer was observed among current users of aspirin compared with nonusers (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 0.96). Long-term use of aspirin (>5 years: odds ratio = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.96) and daily use of low-dose aspirin (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.90) were also associated with decreased risk. There was no evidence that the association with aspirin use varied by disease aggressiveness, but there was effect modification (P(interaction) = 0.02) with a genetic variant in prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) (rs12042763). Prostate cancer risk was not related to use of either nonaspirin NSAIDs or acetaminophen. These results contribute further evidence that aspirin may have chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer and highlight the need for additional research.

Effects of a Multikinase Inhibitor Motesanib (AMG 706) Alone and Combined with the Selective DuP-697 COX-2 Inhibitor on Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…COX-2 decreases the production of antiangiogenic cytokine interleukin-12 and also elevates metalloprotein levels that improve the invasion of tumor vessels (Ohno et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2011). Epidemiological studies demonstrate a decline in the incidence of many types of cancer in long-term users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) (Wong and Chan, 2007;Salinas et al, 2010;Cui et al, 2014). Also it has been shown that regular usage of NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitors reduce the mortality for sporadic CRC (Steinbach et al, 2000).…”

Relationship between aspirin, radiation therapy, and hormone deprivation in prostate cancer

“…However, there is also information against this correlation with PC presentation profile 10 . At present, radiotherapy with HD addition is the standard of care in high-risk PC 44 .…”

“…With regard to higher relative efficacy between different ACs, there is evidence that aspirin, versus other ACs, is the main responsible in PC prevention as well as in its decreased mortality 10,12,20,39,63 . Although there are also studies that do not find a clear relationship with aspirin or its dose or length of administration 11,13,15,21,64 , there are also data on PC prevention and lower aggressiveness with acetaminophen (paracetamol) 43 .…”

“…Different studies, including a meta-analysis, confirm the efficacy of aspirin in the reduction of adenocarcinoma-related mortality risk, especially in colorectal adenocarcinoma [5][6][7][8][9] , hence, the interest to verify a possible relationship with prostate carcinoma. There are multiple epidemiological studies that refer an association between the use of ACs and a reduced risk of PC onset, PC-related mortality, and PC diagnoses with less aggressive initial clinical factors 7,[10][11][12][13][14] . Even when there are also studies against this relationship 9,[15][16][17][18] , some of them show important biases 19 .…”

“…Recently, some meta-analyses that appear to confirm this positive relationship have become available 7,20 . Prolonged intake of the drug appears to be necessary for its positive effects with regard to cancer prevention to be obtained [5][6][7]9,10,12,21 . On the other hand, the pathophysiological processes involved in cancer prevention and mortality are mediated by several cyclooxygenases (COXs)-dependent and independent mechanisms of action.…”