Use of artificial materials in surgery

Wesolowski, Sigmund A.; Martinez, Alfred; McMahon, James D.

doi:10.1016/s0011-3840(66)80010-2

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…33 Most authors believe that the trauma of the operative procedure itself is a sufficiently inflammatory stimulus. 34 It may be that the specifications for the best possible implant material have not yet been established. Perhaps the ideal implant material might combine reasonable cost, soundness and homogeneity, abrasion and wear resistance, and mechanical properties suited to use, with antibacterial activity, optimal inflammatory activity, and optimal host receptivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study of bacterial response to inert and reactive metals and to methyl methacrylate

Gristina

Rovere

Shoji

et al. 1976

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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The clinical use of inert materials for internal fixation and joint replacement devices is increasing rapidly; studies on the effect of these materials on bacteria and host resistance to infection have not kept apace. Any substance placed within the body may interfere with host-parasite interaction, either by its physical presence or by physiochemical activity at its interface with the surrounding tissue. Either mechanism, by altering the normal host defense mechanism, may promote or retard bacterial growth. Bacterial growth may also be altered if a trace element essential to or inhibitory to the bacteria or an element that antagonizes or potentiates humoral antibacterial systems is leached from the substance. We have tested bacterial growth and inhibition in vitro in the presence of substances used as implant materials: surgical silver, iron, zinc-coated galvanized iron, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, Vitallium, and methyl methacrylate. Our results showed: 1) metals that have low grades of tissue reactivity and little bacteriotoxic effect provided a framework along which bacterial growth and propagation occurred; 2) metals that have higher levels of cellular reactivity, specifically aluminum and galvanized wire, caused selective bacterial toxicity. The in vitro response of bacteria to methyl methacrylate was similar to that of Vitallium and other inert substances, i.e., growth and propagation were abundant adjacent to methyl methacrylate. These studies led us to speculate that, if similar phenomena occur in vivo, bacterial growth and dissemination might be increased when an inert implant material was used and decreased when the implant material was more reactive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study of bacterial response to inert and reactive metals and to methyl methacrylate

Gristina

Rovere

Shoji

et al. 1976

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…Restoration of blood-flow to the profunda femoris artery in patients with iliac or common femoral combined with superficial femoral occlusions has been shown to be effective by many authors (Morris, Edwards, Cooley, Crawford, and DeBakey, 1961;Leeds and Gilfillan, 1961;Darling and Linton, 1964;Wesolowski, Martinez, Domingo, Fries, Schaefer, Sawyer, Gillie, and McMahon, 1966). Benson and others (1966) found that the results of aorta to popliteal reconsuuction were so poor as to be unjustified and that aorta to profunda reconstruction would achieve an almost comparable and lasting result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the surgery of the profunda femoris artery

Martin

Renwick

Stephenson

1968

Journal of British Surgery

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FOR the treatment of lower-limb ischaemia most the superficial femoral (Boileau Grant, 1958)~ and if attention has been focused on methods of recon-healthy has a remarkable capacity for enlargement in struction or by-passing the femoropopliteal artery, the event of an obstruction developing in the superand though the importance of the profunda femoris ficial femoral (Fig. 2). Sometimes an obstruction artery in the relief of severe symptoms has not been of the latter vessel, if slow in onset, may pass unneglected, its potential is possibly not fully appre-noticed, the enlarging profunda being adequate, ciated.especially in an elderly and not very active patient. ANATOMY PATHOLOGYThe profunda is an artery of supply, as opposed to aspect of the common femoral artery, and then an artery of conduction such as the femoropopliteal.The profunda femoris artery arises from the lateral Superficial femoral artery System Profunda femoris System FIG. I .-Diagrammatic representation of profunda fernoris FIG 2.-Angiogram showing marked enlargement of rofunda fernoris artery mth dilated anastomotic channels a n 8 a large arteria collateralis magna' entering the popliteal, with superficial femoral occlusion (72-year-old male; no symptoms in this limb). artery showing sites of anastomosis with the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries.

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“…By comparison with a reservoir a t t = 33.97 sec, the following were found: (1) within sT2 the dish could be equilibrated with the reservoir; (2) after equilibration, if the cover was removed, a highly reproducible S-A loss occurred which was 3.1% of 7 ; ( 3 ) after equilibration, if the dish plus cover was emptied and refilled, a highly reproducible S-W loss of 0.54y0 of 7 occurred; and (4) after equilibration, if the dish plus cover was emptied, dried for 10 min, and refilled, a reproducible loss of 1.3y0 of 7 occurred: drying evidently increases the reintroduction of adsorptive capacity. Vessels may also be compared by calculating specific losses in mg T/m2.…”

Section: Quantitative Measurements Of Thrombin Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The side-arm syringe was used and all reservoirs assayed against single sets of 7-tubes. From a series of comparisons we can obtain: (1) the rate and variance of thrombin instability (denaturation) ; ( 2 ) the reservoir reproducibility on any one day; (3) the day-to-day reproducibility in preparing thrombins; and (4) the sum of s,2 (on one day) plus day-to-day reproducibility in preparing sets of r-tubes.…”

Section: Day-to-day Variance (~2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thrombin adsorption and possible relations to thrombus formation

Waugh

Baughman

1969

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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SummaryIn the circulation, adherent thrombi are most likely formed by nucleation and growth processes. The adsorption of an anchoring layer must be followed by further constituent interactions; these by crosslinking introduce cooperative effects which affect nucleation and growth rates. Adsorption of thrombin to nonpolar surfaces has been examined using a clotting time assay. Assay discrimination was determined by coefficients of variation: of the assay itself (0.6Oj,), of reproducing diluted thrombin sources (0.37%), and of reproducing sets of clotting tubes containing fibrinogen (1 5%). Adsorptions are 0.54 mg/m2 at the solution-air interface, 0.77 mg/m2 a t the solution-clean wall interface, and 0.04 mg/m2 to walls previouslx treated with thrombin. Average distance between thrombin molecules is 89 A, the minimum adsorption energy is -11.7 kcal/mole and estimated thrombus adhesive strength 10 kg/cm2. Thrombin can be the anchoring layer for a thrombus which contains thrombin, fibrin and platelets since all constituents interact with each other. The thrombin-fibrin interaction energy is about -7 kcal/mole. The platelet can, a t least on interaction with thrombin, undergo structural changes which increase interaction. A variety of interactions and cooperative effects are possible. A problem is t o develop protocols and assays which will permit specification of the anchoring layer and characteristics of subsequent interactions.

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Use of artificial materials in surgery

Cited by 16 publications

References 199 publications

An in vitro study of bacterial response to inert and reactive metals and to methyl methacrylate

An in vitro study of bacterial response to inert and reactive metals and to methyl methacrylate

On the surgery of the profunda femoris artery

Thrombin adsorption and possible relations to thrombus formation

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