Use of antimicrobial agents in livestock

Page, Stephen W.; Gautier, P.

doi:10.20506/rst.31.1.2106

Cited by 188 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 231 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…Enrofloxacin is one of the most extensively used antibacterial drugs in Latin America (19). It possesses low toxicity; i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of a newrecrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate in hamsters

Carrascosa¹,

Peã'a²,

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK/PD ratios of a new solvate of enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate; enro-C), were studied in hamsters. Enrofloxacin from Baytril® 5% (enro R) served as the reference preparation. Two groups of 60 Syrian golden hamsters were intramuscularly injected individually with 10 mg/kg of enro R or with enro-C. Tissue and serum samples were obtained for 72 h; enrofloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC with UV detection. Ninety percent minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC 90 ) were determined for strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira interrogans, and Escherichia coli. All PK variables were statistically different between groups (P < 0.01). C MAX of enrofloxacin for enro-C was 17.3 µg/mL and it was 2.6 µg/mL for enro R . AUC was considerably higher for enro-C (459.2 µg/mL h vs. 19.9 µg/mL h). There were no statistically significant differences in MIC 90 values between enro R and enro-C. Tissue concentrations of enro-C in all cases were higher and remained above the MIC for longer periods than those of enro R . Relevant PK/PD ratios for enrofloxacin (AUC/MIC ≥ 125 and C MAX > MIC = 10-12) are consequently superior for enro-C. Given the outstanding PK/PD ratios of enro-C, this new moiety is proposed as a possible solution when high tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin are necessary.

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“…Enrofloxacin is one of the most extensively used antibacterial drugs in Latin America (19). It possesses low toxicity; i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of a newrecrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate in hamsters

Carrascosa¹,

Peã'a²,

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Antimicrobials are extensively used in food animal production to prevent and treat animal diseases, as well as to promote growth (3). Antimicrobials used in animal farming and human medicine are largely similar (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates from Livestock Farms and Synanthropic Rats and Shrews in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Nhung

Cuong

Campbell

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e In Mekong Delta farms (Vietnam), antimicrobials are extensively used, but limited data are available on levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Escherichia coli isolates. We performed a structured survey of AMR in E. coli isolates (n ‫؍‬ 434) from 90 pig, chicken, and duck farms. The results were compared with AMR among E. coli isolates (n ‫؍‬ 234) from 66 small wild animals (rats and shrews) trapped on farms and in forests and rice fields. The isolates were susceptibility tested against eight antimicrobials. E. coli isolates from farmed animals were resistant to a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3 to 6) antimicrobials versus 1 (IQR, 1 to 2) among wild mammal isolates (P < 0.001). The prevalences of AMR among farmed species isolates (versus wild animals) were as follows: tetracycline, 84.7% (versus 25.6%); ampicillin, 78.9% (versus 85.9%); trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 52.1% (versus 18.8%); chloramphenicol, 39.9% (versus 22.5%); amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 36.6% (versus 34.5%); and ciprofloxacin, 24.9% (versus 7.3%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (resistance against three or more antimicrobial classes) among pig isolates was 86.7% compared to 66.9 to 72.7% among poultry isolates. After adjusting for host species, MDR was ϳ8 times greater among isolates from wild mammals trapped on farms than among those trapped in forests/rice fields (P < 0.001). Isolates were assigned to unique profiles representing their combinations of susceptibility results. Multivariable analysis of variance indicated that AMR profiles from wild mammals trapped on farms and those from domestic animals were more alike (R 2 range, 0.14 to 0.30) than E. coli isolates from domestic animals and mammals trapped in the wild (R 2 range, 0.25 to 0.45). The results strongly suggest that AMR on farms is a key driver of environmental AMR in the Mekong Delta.

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“…Over the counter sale of antibiotics should banned and their end use should be ensured at the time of sale 121 . Complementary measures such as surveillance, mass education and alternative therapeutic measures will help further reduce the use of antibiotics in animals 98 . In India, too little is known about antibiotic use in food animals, and a nationwide surveillance system is required to determine antibiotic consumption and resistance patterns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, worldwide three most commonly used antibiotic classes in the animal sector were macrolides (US$ 600 million), penicillins (US$ 600 million), and tetracyclines (US$ 500 million). These three classes of antibiotics are categorized as critically important in human medicine 6,98 . FAO, OIE and WHO have recommended monitoring the use of quinolones, third and fourth generation cephalosporins, and macrolides in animals for overall AMR risk assessment 6,54 .…”

Section: Emphasis On Regulated Use Of Antimicrobials In Animal Producmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Production:A Prerequisite to Stem the Tide of Antimicrobial Resistance

Thakur

Panda

2017

Current Science

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide 'OneHealth' problem. The spread of AMR has limited the treatment options against infectious diseases. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials, is a major contributor for the development of AMR and its spread. In animal husbandry, antimicrobials are used for treating infectious diseases and in sub-therapeutic concentrations for growth promotion and disease prophylaxis. The use of antimicrobials in sub-therapeutic concentrations exerts selective pressure on bacteria and results in the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The food animals raised on sub-optimal doses of antibiotics become reservoirs of resistant bacterial strains, transmitted subsequently to man and the environment. Various human, animal and environmental health agencies have decided to jointly address this problem. Establishment of integrated and harmonized AMR surveillance programmes, reduced use of antimicrobials in animal production, good governance of veterinary services, and development of new antimicrobials and their alternatives are some of the AMR management strategies in animals. Antibiotics are indispensable for human health; however, they should be totally banned in the food animals to preserve effectiveness of these drugs. In India, use of antimicrobials in food animals is limited for disease prophylaxis and growth promotion. However, absence of uniform regulations on the use of antimicrobials in animal production threatens the rationale use of these drugs in livestock.

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Use of antimicrobial agents in livestock

Cited by 188 publications

References 231 publications

Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of a newrecrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate in hamsters

Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of a newrecrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate in hamsters

High Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates from Livestock Farms and Synanthropic Rats and Shrews in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Rational Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Production:A Prerequisite to Stem the Tide of Antimicrobial Resistance

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