Use of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Single-Family Neighborhoods Along an Urban-Wildland Interface in California

Bartos, Monica; Dao, Sylvie; Douk, Dale; Falzone, Stephanie; Gumerlock, Eric; Hoekstra, Stephanie; Kelly‐Reif, Kaitlin; Mori, David; Tang, Chay; Vasquez, Cassandra; Ward, Jennifer; Young, Sarah; Morzillo, Anita T.; Riley, Seth P. D.; Longcore, Travis

doi:10.15365/cate.41122012

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…For example, second generation anticoagulant rodenticides are intended only for use indoors or immediately adjacent to buildings, targeting rats and mice inside buildings, and only first generation ARs, which are far less toxic and persistent, are to be used outside. However, we, and many others, find extensive exposure to these SGAR compounds in wildlife, suggesting extensive off-label use (see also Bartos et al 2012).…”

Section: Contaminantssupporting

confidence: 51%

Infectious Disease and Contaminants in Urban Wildlife: Unseen and Often Overlooked Threats

2014

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Section: Contaminantssupporting

confidence: 51%

Infectious Disease and Contaminants in Urban Wildlife: Unseen and Often Overlooked Threats

2014

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“…We use these estimates because brodifacoum is the most commonly found SGAR in tested wildlife (some examples from carnivores in California include [ 12 , 14 , 42 ]) and because no other estimates were available. Second, Giddings and Warren-Hicks assume no illegal use of SGARs, although as they note, such misuse is probably very common, and misuse was also reported by surveyed residents in a separate study [ 45 ]. Field testing of other species supports the idea that our SGAR exposure estimates were likely conservative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use as a Driver of Patterns of Rodenticide Exposure in Modeled Kit Fox Populations

et al. 2015

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Although rodenticides are increasingly regulated, they nonetheless cause poisonings in many non-target wildlife species. Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide use is common in agricultural and residential landscapes. Here, we use an individual-based population model to assess potential population-wide effects of rodenticide exposures on the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica). We estimate likelihood of rodenticide exposure across the species range for each land cover type based on a database of reported pesticide use and literature. Using a spatially-explicit population model, we find that 36% of modeled kit foxes are likely exposed, resulting in a 7-18% decline in the range-wide modeled kit fox population that can be linked to rodenticide use. Exposures of kit foxes in low-density developed areas accounted for 70% of the population-wide exposures to rodenticides. We conclude that exposures of non-target kit foxes could be greatly mitigated by reducing the use of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in low-density developed areas near vulnerable populations.

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“…They are highly territorial and solitary, with average home range sizes in our study area of approximately 2.5 km 2 for females and 5.0 km for males (Riley et al., ). In the study area, their diets consist primarily of lagomorph and rodent species including cottontail and brush rabits, pocket gophers, ground squirrels and voles, all of which are primary targets of ARs (Bartos et al., ; Fedriani, Fuller, Sauvajot, & York, ; Riley et al., ). Additionally, some nontarget rodents are exposed to ARs, such as woodrats, that are also bobcat prey (Moriarty et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide expression reveals multiple systemic effects associated with detection of anticoagulant poisons in bobcats (Lynx rufus)

et al. 2018

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Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are indiscriminate toxicants that threaten nontarget predatory and scavenger species through secondary poisoning. Accumulating evidence suggests that AR exposure may have disruptive sublethal consequences on individuals that can affect fitness. We evaluated AR-related effects on genome-wide expression patterns in a population of bobcats in southern California. We identify differential expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, epithelial integrity and both adaptive and innate immune function. Further, we find that differential expression of immune-related genes may be attributable to AR-related effects on leucocyte differentiation. Collectively, our results provide an unprecedented understanding of the sublethal effects of AR exposure on a wild carnivore. These findings highlight potential detrimental effects of ARs on a wide variety of species worldwide that may consume poisoned rodents and indicate the need to investigate gene expression effects of other toxicants added to natural environments by humans.

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Use of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Single-Family Neighborhoods Along an Urban-Wildland Interface in California

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Infectious Disease and Contaminants in Urban Wildlife: Unseen and Often Overlooked Threats

Infectious Disease and Contaminants in Urban Wildlife: Unseen and Often Overlooked Threats

Land Use as a Driver of Patterns of Rodenticide Exposure in Modeled Kit Fox Populations

Genome‐wide expression reveals multiple systemic effects associated with detection of anticoagulant poisons in bobcats (Lynx rufus)

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