Use of Animals for Vaccine Development

Onderdonk, Andrew B.; Kennedy, Ronald C.

doi:10.1201/9781420048902.ch2

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For example, human GBS isolates may express surface proteins that specifically interact with the human hosts but not with other animals 236 – 238 . In addition, the shorter gestational period of mice (19–22 days) should be taken into account to measure the timing of vaccination and passive protection in neonates 239 .…”

Section: Gbs Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries

et al. 2016

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Globally, group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young infants, with its greatest burden in the first 90 days of life. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for women at risk of transmitting GBS to their newborns has been effective in reducing, but not eliminating, the young infant GBS disease burden in many high income countries. However, identification of women at risk and administration of IAP is very difficult in many low and middle income country (LMIC) settings, and is not possible for home deliveries. Immunization of pregnant women with a GBS vaccine represents an alternate pathway to protecting newborns from GBS disease, through the transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus in utero. This approach to prevent GBS disease in young infants is currently under development, and is approaching late stage clinical evaluation. This manuscript includes a review of the natural history of the disease, global disease burden estimates, diagnosis and existing control options in different settings, the biological rationale for a vaccine including previous supportive studies, analysis of current candidates in development, possible correlates of protection and current status of immunogenicity assays. Future potential vaccine development pathways to licensure and use in LMICs, trial design and implementation options are discussed, with the objective to provide a basis for reflection, rather than recommendations.

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Section: Gbs Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries

et al. 2016

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“…This model consists of baboons of different ages, from the very young to the very old. Baboons are widely utilized in vaccine research because of the well recognized similarities between their immune system and the human immune system [9]. Therefore, these nonhuman primates might represent useful animal models for the study of autoimmune phenomena associated with ageing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related autoantibody production in a nonhuman primate model

Attanasio

Brasky

Robbins

et al. 2001

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYAutoantibody production increases with ageing. However, the pathological significance of this increase as well as the corresponding underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To further our understanding of the role that ageing plays in the development of autoantibody responses, we used a novel nonhuman primate model consisting of healthy baboons of ages representing the entire lifespan of this animal species. Results from this study indicate that production of antinuclear antibodies, anticell extract antibodies and natural autoantibodies gradually and significantly increases from young age to old age without a corresponding increase in neither serum immunoglobulin concentration nor in levels of selected markers of immune dysregulation (sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, IL-2 sRa and IFN-g). Therefore, in the baboon model, autoantibodies may be produced in absence of recognizable pathological conditions of the ageing immune system.

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Maternal Antibody Transfer in Baboons and Mice Vaccinated with a Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate

et al. 2000

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Two animal models were used to study maternal transfer of antibody to a group B Streptococcus (GBS) type III polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (III-TT) conjugate. The III-TT vaccine protected all 27 mouse pups born to vaccinated dams against a GBS challenge. In a separate study of vaccinated mouse dams and pups, maternal sera contained all 4 subclasses of polysaccharide-specific IgG, with IgG1 accounting for 83% of total IgG. Specific IgG subclass distribution (IgG1>>IgG2a=IgG2b=IgG3) in newborn pups closely resembled that in their mothers. Seven of 9 female baboons given the III-TT vaccine had 5- to 36-fold increases in specific antibody from baseline levels; they transferred 26%-185% of specific antibody to their offspring. Matched maternal and neonatal sera obtained at delivery were functionally equivalent in an in vitro opsonophagocytosis assay. These preclinical studies provide further evidence for effective immunogenicity of GBS conjugate vaccine and efficient transport of functionally active maternal antibody.

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Use of Animals for Vaccine Development

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries

Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries

Age-related autoantibody production in a nonhuman primate model

Maternal Antibody Transfer in Baboons and Mice Vaccinated with a Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate

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