“…Coupled with the discoveries of neuroreceptor-type molecules in marine organisms lacking a CNS, in Protostomia clade, the neurosciences have very important animal models, like the giant squid and the sea slug Aplysia (Carpenter et al, 1971 ). New findings are emerging on the functionality of synaptic plasticity, gene-associated synapsis, and neuromodulation in mollusks (Orvis et al, 2022 ; Zhuo et al, 2022 ). Bédécarrats et al analyzed the neuron membrane potential decision during motivated behaviors in the mollusk Aplysia californica .…”