Use of an extracorporeal circuit to evaluate effects of intraluminal distention and decompression on the equine jejunum

Abstract

Intraluminal distention of the jejunum followed by decompression increased mucosal permeability and injury and decreased responses to prokinetic agents. Horses with intraluminal intestinal distention may have a decreased response to prokinetic agents.

Peritoneal and Plasma d‐lactate Concentrations in Horses with Colic

“…Therefore obstruction of the venous return may have restricted intraluminal d ‐lactate from entering the portal system and subsequently the systemic circulation. It is also possible that severe distention in the nonstrangulating group may have caused increases on microvascular and/or mucosal permeability allowing the movement of d ‐lactate into the systemic circulation contributing to these negative results.…”

Binding of radiolabeled porcine motilin and erythromycin lactobionate to smooth muscle membranes in various segments of the equine gastrointestinal tract

“…4,6 However, it is likely that abnormalities involving the enteric nervous system, which uses several neuropeptides and nitric oxide as neurotransmitters, 7,8 and damage to the muscle cells that normally generate slow waves also contribute to the development of ileus. 9 Shock, 10 intestinal ischemia, 11 endotoxemia, 12 prolonged distention, and inflammation of the intestinal tract 13 have all been implicated as factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of ileus in horses.…”

Use of quantitative real‐time PCR to determine the local inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa and muscularis of horses undergoing small intestinal resection

“…16 It is possible that this increased neutrophil infiltration in the proximal resection margins may, at least in part, be attributable to intestinal dilation, consistent with the findings of several studies describing the injurious effect of experimental luminal dilation, resulting in mucosal injury, smooth muscle oedema and neutrophilic infiltration. 4,[16][17][18] As smooth muscle oedema and leucocyte infiltration can both inhibit intestinal motility, 6,14,19 it is understandable how such events can contribute towards the development of POI. The fact that our data failed to reveal any difference in the relative expression of inflammatory genes between the proximal and distal resection margins suggests that intestinal dilation had little or no effect on the intestinal inflammatory response in the horses included in our study.…”