Use of Alkaline Solid Wastes from Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills, Dregs and Grits in Cement Production

Torres, Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto; Pedroti, Leonardo Gonçalves; Silva, Cláudio; Fernandes, Wellington; Viana, N. G.; Martins, Roseli Oliveira Guedes; Lima, Gustavo Emílio Soares de; Sathler, L. M.; Andrade, Igor Klaus Rocha; Caetano, Marina Altoé

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_92

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Indeed, although the use of GLD is still limited, potential applications have been studied in order to reduce disposal needs . Potential applications of GLD include the neutralization of acidic soils, , the neutralization of acidic wastewater, the control of acid mine drainage, covering material, cement production, and the production of eco-friendly geopolymer mortars . Anyway, some restrictions are applied to its utilization due to the classification as waste instead of secondary raw material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Ecotoxicological Effects of Green Liquor Dregs from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Bandarra

Gomes

Pereira

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Green liquor dregs (GLD) are a major waste of the pulp and paper industry, and their correct classification is important to finding alternatives to landfill disposal. In the European Union, the methodology to determine the hazard property HP 14 (“ecotoxic”) is under discussion. Although biological tests are likely more representative of wastes’ environmental behavior, there are still no official guidelines on procedures, and ecotoxicity classification relies on the chemical composition. This work aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of GLD to determine HP 14. The assessment comprised a chemical analysis (using ClassifyMyWaste software) and a battery of biotests targeting aquatic ecosystems (Lepidium sativum, Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Lemna minor, and Daphnia magna). The chemical analysis denoted GLD as a “Possible Hazard,” while the battery of biotests showed high ecotoxic effects for three out of five organisms, the most sensitive being Lepidium sativum, Lemna minor, and Daphnia magna. The pH correction of tested eluates to neutral values did not modulate the noticed effects. Globally, the results suggest that GLD should be classified as ecotoxic. Though, the European waste legislation should provide guidelines to apply the end-of-waste criteria and avoid landfilling even for materials like GLD.

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