Use of acute phase proteins for the clinical assessment and management of canine leishmaniosis: general recommendations

Abstract

BackgroundDogs with canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum can show a wide spectrum of clinical and clinicopathological findings at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to describe the possible application of acute phase proteins (APPs) for the characterization and management of this disease, based on previously published information on the utility of APPs in CanL and the experience of the authors in using APPs as analytes in the profiling of canine diseases.Main bodyDogs diagnosed with L. infantum infection by serology, polymerase chain reaction, cytological or histopathological identification, can be divided into three groups based on their clinical condition at physical examination and their APPs concentrations: Group 1: dogs with no clinical signs on physical examination and APPs in reference range; Group 2: dogs with changes in APPs but no clinical signs on physical examination; Group 3: dogs with clinical signs and changes in APPs. This report describes the main characteristics of each group as well as its association with the clinical classification schemes of CanL.ConclusionAPPs concentration can be a useful clinical tool to characterize and manage CanL.

Analyses of the toxic properties of recombinant human Cyclophilin A in mice

“…Rapid increases in APP levels provide for early defense in an infectious process and precede a full immune response (Suffredini et al 1999). Evaluation of levels of APP levels during some diseases has been shown to be of prognostic significance during subsequent treatments (Abreu et al 2018;Ceron et al 2018). Data presented here indicated that rhCypA induced hepatic expression of the genes of several APP, and that the spectrum and level of expression of the APP genes, were directly dependent on rhCypA concentrations (see Figure 7).…”

Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice

“…The concentration of APP (including C‐reactive protein [CRP], haptoglobin ferritin and others) is inevitably increased in CanL cases and correlates with the severity of inflammatory disease, but do not contribute directly to the immunopathogenesis of renal lesions in CanL (Ceron et al . 2018). Nonetheless, they can provide a measurable index of the inflammatory response, charting progression and remission.…”

“…However, another classification of CanL based on the severity of APP changes has been recently published (Ceron et al . 2018). A complete clinical and laboratory‐based assessment of each dog at the time of diagnosis, together with serological responses and parasite detection, are necessary to characterise the severity of disease and to assign the case to a clinical stage (Paltrinieri et al .…”

Acute phase proteins, saliva and education in laboratory science: an update and some reflections

“…A recently proposed classification of different clinical stages of canine leishmaniosis was based on APPs and could be applied to other infectious diseases. In this classification, individuals seropositive for the disease, but without clinical signs, can be considered to have active disease if positive APPs are increased [8]. This use of APPs is not restricted to the clinic but also has relevance in meat inspection at slaughter as an additional tool to detect pathological conditions [9].…”