Use of a Versatile Experimental System for Soil Erosion Studies

Walker, P. H.; Hutka, J.; Moss, A. J.; Kinnell, P. I. A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100030037x

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…(as well as rainfall-driven) erosion sediment is enriched with finer particles at early times (e.g. Walker et al, 1977Walker et al, , 1978Moss et al, 1979;Alberts et al, 1980Alberts et al, , 1983Proffitt and Rose, 1991). These experimental observations are interpreted by theory , which shows that when the erosion processes are dominated by suspension and saltation, and if soil entrainment and re-entrainment processes are assumed to be non-selective with respect to size class, then this initial fine nature of sediment is predicted to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…1016/j.jhydrol.2007.05.019 size class dominating the eroded sediment (Meyer et al, 1980;Loch and Donnollan, 1982). At the steady state condition, many researchers (Walker et al, 1977(Walker et al, , 1978Moss et al, 1979;Govers, 1985;Palis et al, 1990;Proffitt and Rose, 1991;Rose, 1991, 1992a,b;Beuselinck et al, 1999;Hogarth et al, 2004) have found that size distribution of the sediment is very similar to that of the original soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low streampowers

Asadi

Ghadiri

Rose

et al. 2007

Journal of Hydrology

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There is general agreement among researchers that at least for some time during erosion events sediment leaving an area is finer than that of the soil under surface erosion. But in some cases, it has been observed that coarser particles are transported at greater rates than fines. This paper reports on the results of an investigation into the processes that control the size distribution of the sediment during runoff erosion events at low flow rates and streampowers. Experiments were carried out on three contrasting soil types in the 1 · 6 m flume of Griffith University's large rainfall-runoff simulation facility at a slope of 2%, with overland flow confined to uniform rectangular rills pre-formed in the soil bed. The time variation in size distribution of the exiting sediment was measured for all experiments. The results supported a selective bimodal particle size class pattern for transported sediment with peaks for the finest size class of <0.001 mm and also for the larger class of 1-2 mm. Particles between 0.1 and 0.5 mm appeared to resist transportation. It seems that this selectivity in transport may indicate different transport mechanisms, such as suspension, saltation and rolling, can dominate in different sediment size classes, perhaps reflecting differences in resistance to transportation (or transportability) at the low streampowers investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low streampowers

Asadi

Ghadiri

Rose

et al. 2007

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Measurements presented here show that flow velocity and raindrop impact, which are the main agents responsible for particle detachment and transport (Walker et al, 1977;Huang, 1995) ). The short length of the 1 m 2 plots does not allow flow velocity to increase sufficiently to reveal a slope effect.…”

Section: Sediment Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Field measurements of interrill erosion under �different slopes and plot sizes

Chaplot¹,

Bissonnais

2000

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

143

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Despite numerous studies, the effect of slope on interrill erosion is not clearly established. Several interactions exist between erosion parameters that are not taken into account under experimental laboratory measurements and results need to be validated in the field. The influence of slope steepness (2 to 8 per cent) on soil loss for a crusted interrill area and the detachment and transport processes involved in the interaction between slope, rain characteristics and plot size were investigated. Sediment discharge and runoff rates were measured in bounded plots (1 m 2 and 10 m 2 ) under natural and simulated rainfall, allowing the analysis of a combination of detachment and transport processes at various scales in the field. Runoff rate increased from 20 to 90 per cent with increasing slope and rain intensity for both plot sizes, whereas sediment concentration increased from 2 to 6 g l À1 with increasing slope only for the 10 m 2 plots. At the 1 m 2 scale, erosion was transport-limited due to the reduced rain-impacted flow. Interactions between slope angle and rain intensity were observed for detachment and transport processes in interrill erosion. Results show the importance of an adapted experimental set-up to get reference data for interrill erosion model development and validation.

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“…Therefore, modeling soil erosion based on rainfall intensity and inflow rate is necessary to evaluate the effects of rainfall and inflow on Mollisol hillslope soil erosion. Walker et al (1977) noted that the sediment transport rate under rainfall intensity was 5.0 times higher than that under the same equivalent inflow rate. Guy et al (1987) proposed that rainfall and runoff resulted in 85 and 15 % of sediment transport capacity, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Rainfall intensity and inflow rate effects on hillslope soil erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

et al. 2015

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Soil erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China is increasingly severe and directly affects national food security and sustainable development. However, few attempts have been made to create a clear distinction between the effects of rainfall and inflow on hillslope soil erosion. A laboratory study was conducted to discuss the roles and contributions of rainfall intensity and inflow rate to hillslope soil erosion and to fit equations based on variations of rainfall intensity and inflow rate (RI ? IR) for soil erosion. A soil pan (8 m long, 1.5 m wide and 0.6 m deep and with an adjustable slope gradient of 0°-35°) was subjected to designed rainfall intensities (0, 50 and 100 mm h -1 ) and inflow rates (0, 50 and 100 mm h -1 ). The results showed that the effects of RI ? IR treatments on hillslope soil loss were significantly greater than those on runoff. Furthermore, the effect of rainfall intensity on hillslope soil loss was significantly greater than the effect of inflow rate. Under the same total water supply, an increase in rainfall intensity resulted in greater average soil loss rates and stronger fluctuations in soil loss than an increase in the inflow rate. The occurrence of rill erosion significantly increased sediment transport capacity on the hillslope, which resulted in an increase in soil loss. Utilizing rainfall intensity and inflow rate, runoff and soil loss equations were generated and validated, and the performances of the two equations were satisfactory. Furthermore, it was determined that both equations are most applicable to the prediction of hillslope soil erosion under long rolling hillslope conditions. For the Mollisol region of Northeast China, the key factor affecting soil erosion on hillslopes is soil particle dispersion caused by rainfall. Therefore, taking measures to cover the soil, such as corn straw mulching, would effectively reduce rainfall erosivity and have significant positive effects on soil erosion prevention and control.

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Use of a Versatile Experimental System for Soil Erosion Studies

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low streampowers

An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low streampowers

Field measurements of interrill erosion under �different slopes and plot sizes

Rainfall intensity and inflow rate effects on hillslope soil erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

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