Use of a rapid visual screening tool for the assessment of concussion in amateur rugby league: A pilot study

D, King; Clark, Trevor; Gissane, Conor

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.049

Cited by 85 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The number of errors made in reading the test cards were recorded [21]. The fastest error-free time of the K-D test was recorded as the baseline score [24]. Players were asked to additionally complete the K-D test after each match they participated in and at the end of the competition season (post-season K-D test).…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The K-D test requires eye movements, language function and attention in order to perform tasks shown to be reflective of suboptimal brain function in hypoxia [13], extreme sleep deprivation [14], multiple sclerosis [15,16], Parkinson's [17] and concussion [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The K-D test has been utilised in representative rugby league [24] and domestic rugby union [23] and has identified non-witnessed or 'incidental' concussions [26]. Players identified with changes in their baseline K-D test were further assessed with the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool v. 2 (SCAT2) and the identification of a sport-related concussion was confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Players identified with changes in their baseline K-D test were further assessed with the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool v. 2 (SCAT2) and the identification of a sport-related concussion was confirmed. These studies have highlighted the potential of the K-D test to detect sub-concussive impacts that may accumulate over a period and can lead to neurological changes [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of the King–Devick test for sideline concussion screening in junior rugby league

Hume

Gissane

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of the King–Devick test for sideline concussion screening in junior rugby league

Hume

Gissane

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…Similar studies have shown impaired rapid number naming with sports-related concussion in collegiate and youth sports [42,43,10] and club rugby players [44]. Meta-analysis of pooled data from 15 studies has shown an 86% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the detection of concussion using the KD rapid number naming protocol [45]. Marindes and colleagues have reported on a comparative analysis of cognitive performance (Standardized Assessment of Concussion {SAC}), balance (Balance Error Scoring System {BESS}) and rapid number naming (KD) among college athletes in the sideline evaluation of concussion [43].…”

Section: Impaired Saccade and Pursuit Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sports-Related Concussion: The Eyes Have It

Messner¹

2016

Optom open access

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EditorialConcussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) owing to structural, metabolic and functional changes involving white mater tracts of the central nervous system in the absence of macroscopic findings [1][2][3][4]. Sports-related concussion is a rapidly evolving condition stimulating interest among lay and scientific communities [3]. Recent studies have shown a high rate of underreporting of concussion signs and symptoms by athletes and sideline personnel [5,6]. Accordingly, reliable and validated testing strategies are necessary to insure timely detection and removal from play for individuals suspected of concussion. Vision and visual motor problems are commonly reported among athletes following concussion [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. This is to be expected as it is estimated that approximately 50% of the brain is devoted to vision and visual motor processing [16]. As such, testing of vision and ocular motility function are critical to the evaluation of a concussed individual. While disorders of vision and ocular motility have been well-reported with TBI, most of these studies have focused on visual motor problems in the setting of combatrelated TBI resulting from blast injuries [8]. There are limited studies related to vision and visual motor abnormalities from sport-related concussion.While disorders of vision and ocular motility have been wellreported with TBI, most of these studies have focused on visual motor problems in the setting of combat-related TBI resulting from blast injuries [17]. There are limited studies related to vision and visual motor abnormalities from sport-related concussion.Common vision and visual motor problems in the setting of concussion include photophobia, convergence insufficiency, disorders of accommodation and disorders of saccades and pursuit eye movements (versional dysfunction). A comprehensive ocular examination with attention to these areas of vision and visual motor function is essential to the evaluation of a concussed individual. PhotophobiaPhotophobia and phonophobia are commonly reported in the setting of concussion [18][19][20][21]. It is speculated that the mechanism may be related to disturbance of the cortico-thalamic pathways with meningeal irritation in a manner similar to that reported with migraine [18]. Light-filtering lenses have shown benefit in reducing light intolerance and reading performance in patients with traumainduced photophobia [22]. Lynch et al. have recently reported on the therapeutic value of computer gaming lenses in the mitigation of photosensitivity and headache following concussion [23]. Vergence and accommodative disordersMilitary models of traumatic brain injury show a high prevalence of vergence and accommodative deficits in these populations. In a study of 40 soldiers with combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), Capo-Aponte and colleagues reported on the proportion of near pointrelated visual-motor abnormalities as compared to age-matched controls [17]. Specific oculomotor abnormalities included high e...

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“…Five review studies [3,9,14,20,21] were included in the data collection but were not utilised for the pooled analysis. The studies selected for inclusion reported rugby league match [7,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] (n = 19) and training [7,13,[39][40][41][42] (n = 6) concussion injuries within their datasets (see Table 1). Although one study [43] reported concussions, it did not report total match and training exposure hours.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Professional Rugby League Players have Higher Concussion Risk than Professional or Amateur Participants: A Pooled Analysis

Hume

Gissane

et al. 2016

Sports Med

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A combined estimate of injuries within a specific sport through pooled analysis provides more precise evidence and meaningful information about the sport, whilst controlling for between-study variation due to individual sub-cohort characteristics. The objective of this analysis was to review all published rugby league studies reporting injuries from match and training participation and report the pooled data estimates for rugby league concussion injury epidemiology. A systematic literature analysis of concussion in rugby league was performed on published studies from January 1990 to October 2015. Data were extracted and pooled from 25 studies that reported the number and incidence of concussions in rugby league match and training activities. Amateur rugby league players had the highest incidence of concussive injuries in match activities (19.1 per 1000 match hours) while semi-professional players had the highest incidence of concussive injuries in training activities (3.1 per 1000 training hours). This pooled analysis showed that, during match participation activities, amateur rugby league participants had a higher reported concussion injury rate than professional and semi-professional participants. Semi-professional participants had nearly a threefold greater concussion injury risk than amateur rugby league participants during match participation. They also had nearly a 600-fold greater concussion injury risk than professional rugby league participants during training participation.

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Use of a rapid visual screening tool for the assessment of concussion in amateur rugby league: A pilot study

Cited by 85 publications

References 20 publications

Use of the King–Devick test for sideline concussion screening in junior rugby league

Use of the King–Devick test for sideline concussion screening in junior rugby league

Sports-Related Concussion: The Eyes Have It

Semi-Professional Rugby League Players have Higher Concussion Risk than Professional or Amateur Participants: A Pooled Analysis

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