Use of a Profluorophore for Visualization of the Rupture of Capsules in Self‐Healing Coatings

Dungen, Eric T. A. van den; Loos, Ben; Klumperman, Bert

doi:10.1002/marc.200900728

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our approach to improving the safety of Li‐ion batteries is through the incorporation of functional microspheres into battery components. Microspheres can be engineered to respond to a variety of stimuli, including pressure,34–38 pH,39–41 electric fields,42–45 magnetic fields,46–49 and temperature 50–53. Due to the inherent role of temperature in reactions occurring between electrolytes and electrodes near thermal runaway conditions, we propose the use of thermoresponsive microspheres to perform autonomic shutdown ( Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Shutdown of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Thermoresponsive Microspheres

Baginska

Blaiszik

Merriman

et al. 2012

Advanced Energy Materials

169

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autonomic, thermally‐induced shutdown of Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries is demonstrated by incorporating thermoresponsive polymer microspheres (ca. 4 μm) onto battery anodes or separators. When the internal battery environment reaches a critical temperature, the microspheres melt and coat the anode/separator with a nonconductive barrier, halting Li‐ion transport and shutting down the cell permanently. Three functionalization schemes are shown to perform cell shutdown: 1) poly(ethylene) (PE) microspheres coated on the anode, 2) paraffin wax microspheres coated on the anode, and 3) PE microspheres coated on the separator. Charge and discharge capacity is measured for Li‐ion coin cells containing microsphere‐coated anodes or separators as a function of capsule coverage. For PE coated on the anode, the initial capacity of the battery is unaffected by the presence of the PE microspheres up to a coverage of 12 mg cm−2 (when cycled at 1C), and full shutdown (>98% loss of initial capacity) is achieved in cells containing greater than 3.5 mg cm−2. For paraffin microspheres coated on the anode and PE microspheres coated on the separator, shutdown is achieved in cells containing coverages greater than 2.9 and 13.7 mg cm−2, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images of electrode surfaces from cells that have undergone autonomic shutdown provides evidence of melting, wetting, and resolidification of PE into the anode and polymer film formation at the anode/separator interface.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Shutdown of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Thermoresponsive Microspheres

Baginska

Blaiszik

Merriman

et al. 2012

Advanced Energy Materials

169

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another useful concept to realize mechanochromic responses in polymers is the integration of microcapsules, which rupture upon deformation and release a payload that causes a visually detectable response, for example on account of a chemical reaction between a (latent) chromophore and an auxiliary reagent or catalyst embedded in the polymeric matrix . Recent examples of microcapsule‐containing mechanochromic polymer composites include systems in which released thiols react with a polymer‐dispersed rhodamine‐based profluorophore to cause a fluorescence turn‐on response, 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene released from microcapsules polymerizes upon release with a metathesis catalyst in the matrix and causes a color change, pH‐sensitive dyes released from microcapsules interact with residual free amines in the matrix to cause a color change, hexamethylbenzene and chloranil released from microcapsules form a highly colored charge‐transfer complex, and an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen released from microcapsules causes a fluorescence turn‐on upon solvent evaporation and dye aggregation …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Calibrating Mechanochromic Fluorescent Polymers Based on Encapsulated Excimer‐Forming Dyes

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While mechanochemical transduction principles are omnipresent in nature, mimicking these in artificial materials is challenging. The ability to reliably detect the exposure of man-made objects to mechanical forces is, however, of great interest for many applications, including structural health monitoring and tamper-proof packaging. A useful concept to achieve mechanochromic responses in polymers is the integration of microcapsules, which rupture upon deformation and release a payload causing a visually detectable response. Herein, it is reported that this approach can be used to create mechanochromic fluorescent materials that show a direct and ratiometric response to mechanical deformation. This can be achieved by filling poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules with a solution of a photoluminescent aggregachromic cyano-substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) and embedding these particles in poly(dimethylsiloxane). The application of mechanical force by way of impact, incision, or tensile deformation opens the microcapsules and releases the fluorophore in the damaged area. Due to excimer formation, the subsequent aggregation of the dye furnishes a detectable fluorescence color change. With the emission from unopened microcapsules as built-in reference, the approach affords materials that are self-calibrating. This new concept appears to be readily applicable to a range of polymer matrices and allows for the straightforward assessment of their structural integrity.

show abstract

“…DiNorbornene simultaneously acted as costabilizer owing to its high hydrophobicity and high boiling point. These core-shell nanocapsules have the potential to be used in self-healing coatings based on thiol-ene chemistry [38,39].…”

Section: Miniemulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%