Use of a Human-Like Low-Grade Bacteremia Model of Experimental Endocarditis To Study the Role of Staphylococcus aureus Adhesins and Platelet Aggregation in Early Endocarditis

Veloso, Tiago Rafael; Chaouch, Aziz; Roger, Thierry; Giddey, Marlyse; Vouillamoz, Jacques; Majcherczyk, Paul; Que, Yok-Ai; Rousson, Valentin; Moreillon, Philippe; Entenza, José M.

doi:10.1128/iai.01030-12

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, Clf, FnBP, and the serine-aspartate repeat protein SdrE induce platelet aggregation and activation (159,160). These findings have been demonstrated in studies involving the knockout of genes encoding these proteins in S. aureus as well as experiments where the expression of these proteins in the normally nonpathogenic bacterium Lactococcus lactis results in the ability to cause IE (161,162). More recent studies have determined the importance of host-derived ultralarge von Willebrand factor fibers in mediating adhesion (probably via cell wall teichoic acids) of S. aureus to intact endothelial cells (163) and the role of the prothrombin-activating proteins staphylocoagulase and von Willebrand factor-binding protein in binding prothrombin and converting fibrinogen into fibrin (164).…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 53%

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical infections. It is a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device-related infections. This review comprehensively covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of each of these clinical entities. The past 2 decades have witnessed two clear shifts in the epidemiology of S. aureus infections: first, a growing number of health care-associated infections, particularly seen in infective endocarditis and prosthetic device infections, and second, an epidemic of community-associated skin and soft tissue infections driven by strains with certain virulence factors and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. In reviewing the literature to support management strategies for these clinical manifestations, we also highlight the paucity of high-quality evidence for many key clinical questions.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 53%

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

et al. 2015

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“…However, the minimum magnitude of bacteraemia (as measured by colony-forming units (CFU) per mL) required to cause IE is not known. Experimental models have typically used inocula of 10 5 –10 8 CFU per ml either as a bolus dose or by continuous infusion over an extended period 24 . Low-grade bacteraemia (≥10 and <10 4 CFU per ml) seems to be common after mild mucosal trauma such as with dental, gastrointestinal, urological or gynaecological procedures 25 .…”

Section: Mechanisms/pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective endocarditis

Holland

Baddour

Bayer³

et al. 2016

Nat Rev Dis Primers

308

278

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening disease that has long-lasting effects even among patients who survive and are cured. IE disproportionately affects those with underlying structural heart disease and is increasingly associated with healthcare contact, particularly in patients who have intravascular prosthetic material. In the setting of bacteraemia with a pathogenic organism, an infected vegetation may form as the end result of complex interactions between invading microorganisms and the host immune system. Once established, IE can involve almost any organ system in the body. The diagnosis of IE may be difficult to establish and a strategy that combines clinical, microbiological and echocardiography results has been codified in the modified Duke criteria. In cases of blood culture-negative IE, the diagnosis may be especially challenging and novel microbiological and imaging techniques have been developed to establish its presence. Once diagnosed, IE is best managed by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in infectious diseases, cardiology and cardiac surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of IE remains controversial. Efforts to develop a vaccine targeting common bacterial causes of IE are ongoing, but have not yet yielded a commercially available product.

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“…The attachment and aggregation of MRSA on indwelling devices and host tissues is largely mediated via clumping factors and fibronectin-, elastin-, and collagen-binding proteins [45]. Apart from their roles in biofilm formation, these surface proteins may trigger an inflammatory response in the host, marked by the release of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 [48, 49]. These inflammatory mediators may be implicated in the pathogenesis of S. aureus -induced endocarditis or arthritis, as demonstrated by animal experiments [48, 49].…”

Section: Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Threats from an Old Foe: Methicillin-Resistant <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></b> Infections in Neonates

2018

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a ubiquitous human inhabitant and one of the important pathogens of neonatal infections. MRSA is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, especially in very immature preterm neonates. Moreover, MRSA may be implicated in adverse long-term neonatal outcomes, posing a substantial disease burden. Recent advances in molecular microbiology have shed light on the evolution of MRSA population structure and virulence factors, which may contribute to MRSA epidemic waves worldwide. Equipped with remarkable genetic flexibility, MRSA has successfully developed resistance to an extensive range of antibiotics including vancomycin, as well as antiseptics. In the face of these new challenges from MRSA, our armamentarium of anti-infective strategies is very limited and largely dependent on prevention measures. Active surveillance cultures followed by decolonization may be a promising approach to control MRSA infections, with its efficacy and safety in the specific population of neonates yet to be addressed by large multicenter studies.

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Use of a Human-Like Low-Grade Bacteremia Model of Experimental Endocarditis To Study the Role of Staphylococcus aureus Adhesins and Platelet Aggregation in Early Endocarditis

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Infective endocarditis

New Threats from an Old Foe: Methicillin-Resistant <b><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></b> Infections in Neonates

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