Use of a horizontal ball mill to remediate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil

Battye, Nicholas J.; Patch, David J.; Roberts, Dylan M.D.; O'Connor, Natalia; Turner, Lauren P.; Kueper, Bernard H.; Hulley, Mike; Weber, Kela P.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155506

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…17,23 (3) Most studies have been limited to treating pure PFAS chemicals, although recently, it was implemented for treating PFASspiked sand and contaminated soils. 23,25 There is a great need for alternative comilling reagents that could be as efficient as KOH in PFAS destruction and defluorination yet eliminate all the associated limitations. In this study, we report a groundbreaking piezoelectric materialassisted BM (PZM-BM) process that demonstrates effective destruction and near ∼100% defluorination of gram-level solid PFOS and PFOA.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been demonstrated using different comilling reagents (CaO, KOH, Al 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , ferrate, persulfate, and SiO 2 ). − KOH is the only comilling reagent that achieved ∼90% conversion of fluorine on PFOS to F – . , Although these pioneering works laid the technical groundwork, the remaining challenges must be addressed: (1) The KOH-assisted ball milling (KOH–BM) process requires excessive chemical doses. , The treated caustic solid needs to be amended before discharge/reuse. (2) Environmental humidity and moisture cause the agglomeration of KOH powders and consequently retarded reactions. , (3) Most studies have been limited to treating pure PFAS chemicals, although recently, it was implemented for treating PFAS-spiked sand and contaminated soils. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 , 23 (3) Most studies have been limited to treating pure PFAS chemicals, although recently, it was implemented for treating PFAS-spiked sand and contaminated soils. 23 , 25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent-Free Nonthermal Destruction of PFAS Chemicals and PFAS in Sediment by Piezoelectric Ball Milling

Yang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Studies on the destruction of solid per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemicals and PFAS-laden solid wastes significantly lag behind the urgent social demand. There is a great need to develop novel treatment processes that can destroy nonaqueous PFAS at ambient temperatures and pressures. In this study, we develop a piezoelectric-material-assisted ball milling (PZM-BM) process built on the principle that ball collisions during milling can activate PZMs to generate ∼kV potentials for PFAS destruction in the absence of solvents. Using boron nitride (BN), a typical PZM, as an example, we successfully demonstrate the complete destruction and near-quantitative (∼100%) defluorination of solid PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) after a 2 h treatment. This process was also used to treat PFAS-contaminated sediment. Approximately 80% of 21 targeted PFAS were destroyed after 6 h of treatment. The reaction mechanisms were determined to be a combination of piezo-electrochemical oxidation of PFAS and fluorination of BN. The PZM-BM process demonstrates many potential advantages, as the degradation of diverse PFAS is independent of functional group and chain configurations and does not require caustic chemicals, heating, or pressurization. This pioneering study lays the groundwork for optimizing PZM-BM to treat various PFAS-laden solid wastes.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent-Free Nonthermal Destruction of PFAS Chemicals and PFAS in Sediment by Piezoelectric Ball Milling

Yang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the efficiency of using this technology to treat PFAS in soil and other solid matrices. The use of potassium hydroxide as a co‐milling agent decreased the concentrations of PFOS and 6:2 FTSA by 81% and more than 90%, respectively, from soil contaminated with aqueous film‐forming foam (Battye et al, 2022). In a study by Turner et al (2021), mechanical milling was applied to sand amended with PFOS.…”

Section: Technology Developments For Pfas Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPA's detection methods, the drinking water treatability database, and innovative technologies for PFAS remediation

Kuzniewski¹

2022

Remediation Journal

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of highly fluorinated, aliphatic chemicals detected throughout the environment, including in human serum.Several regulatory milestones have been achieved in the United States for these environmentally toxic chemicals linked to health problems in humans, the latest one being the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) PFAS Strategic Roadmap necessitating detection and remediation of PFAS. This article, in addition to briefly discussing these regulatory milestones, evaluates the EPA's detection methods for PFAS including EPA Methods 533, 537.1, and 8327 and other methods currently under development such as the total organic fluorine (TOF) and total organic precursor (TOP) methods. The article also mentions the methods used by other federal agencies for PFAS quantitation. The EPA's drinking water treatability database (TDB) is also described along with the advantages and challenges of the effective treatment methods for PFAS. Most of these treatment methods in the EPA's drinking water TDB face the challenge of disposing wastes containing PFAS, an issue not faced by innovative technologies, and some of these innovative technologies are also discussed. This article will help to understand the current status on the detection and remediation technologies for PFAS treatment in soil and water. It is imperative to have these technologies ready to assist with the remediation objectives in the PFAS Strategic Roadmap.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there are only three available studies where researchers demonstrated the ability of the MCD technique to destroy PFASs in real-world contaminated soils 26,27 or sediments. 28 All three studies used potassium hydroxide (KOH) to enhance PFAS destruction during MCD treatment, with one group using the piezoelectric material, boron nitride (BN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous film-forming foams and contaminated soil

Sperry

Weber

Gobindlal

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci.: Adv.

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Use of a horizontal ball mill to remediate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Solvent-Free Nonthermal Destruction of PFAS Chemicals and PFAS in Sediment by Piezoelectric Ball Milling

Solvent-Free Nonthermal Destruction of PFAS Chemicals and PFAS in Sediment by Piezoelectric Ball Milling

EPA's detection methods, the drinking water treatability database, and innovative technologies for PFAS remediation

Mechanochemical destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous film-forming foams and contaminated soil

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