Use of a Gamma Ray Spectrometer for Investigation of Plutonium Contaminated Wounds

Putzier, E.A.; Mann, J. R.; Johnson, V.P.

doi:10.1080/00028895809343611

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Management of potentially contaminated wounds has been a troublesome problem which, until the recent development of a low energy X-ray crystal spectrometer for wound monitoring, (22) was handled on an intuitive basis. HEMPELMANN recognized the problem in 1944 and introduced the practice of washing and excising wounds inflicted in a potentially contaminated environment or with a potentially contaminated object.…”

Section: I S C O (~~)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratoryʼs Experience With Plutonium in Man

Langham¹,

Lawrence²,

McClelland³

et al. 1962

Health Physics

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The present paper presents an historical account of th.: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's industrial medical experience with exposure of personnel to Observations cover the period from the beginning of the Manhattan Project through 1960. In the early days, exposures were of an acute or semiacute nature. Improved industrial hygiene and engineering methods have changed the problem to one of chronic low-level exposure, largely via inhalation. Consideration of the Laboratory's experience during the past 17 years suggests that the present problem areas are: (1) the diagnosis of body burden under chronic exposure conditions and with little or no specific index of exposure other than a persistent low-level urinary excretion rate, and (2) the choice ofthe critical organ when exposure is largely via chronic low-level inhalation.

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Section: I S C O (~~)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratoryʼs Experience With Plutonium in Man

Langham¹,

Lawrence²,

McClelland³

et al. 1962

Health Physics

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show abstract

“…The extent of Pu239 contamination of lacerations and puncture wounds can be determined by external measurement of the 17 keV X-rays using a sodium iodide crystal spectrometer (35) and, at the discretion of the medical authorities, the contamination removed by surgical excision. Over 50 per cent of particulate plutonium oxide contamination is removed from shallow abrasiontype wounds by normal surgical cleansing, and the rest is occluded in the scab and lost when the scab is detached.…”

Section: Kadio'i'oxicology and Industrialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and Toxicology of Plutonium-239 and Its Industrial Medical Control

Wh¹

1959

Health Physics

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Whcri taken into the systemic circulation, 1 '~~~~ deposits predominantly ill the skeleton, where it may produce bone disease (including cancer) many years later. Its absorption rate from the gastrointestinal tract is only about 0.003 per rent. 12 small amount niay be absorbed through the intact skin and through contaminated cut3 and puncture xvounds. Absorption from the lung may be from I to 10 per cent of the inhaled dose, depending 011 particle size, solubility, chemical fornr, etc. Inhalation of contaminated air is potentially ihe most important mode of exposure, and its control is largely responsible for the rigorous closed-systems and other industrial hygiene arid engineering practices employed in plutonium

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“…Early detection and subsequent surgical removal (when feasible) of such implants have become more or less standard practice [42]. External counting procedures have been developed to determine the amount of plutonium in such implants r by measuring the 17-Kv X rays [43,44]. If the material is superficially deposited, these counters have a minimum detectable level of about 0.1 nc.…”

Section: Body Burden By External Counting (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Properties of Plutonium and Assessment of Body Burden in Man

Langham¹

1963

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Use of a Gamma Ray Spectrometer for Investigation of Plutonium Contaminated Wounds

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratoryʼs Experience With Plutonium in Man

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratoryʼs Experience With Plutonium in Man

Physiology and Toxicology of Plutonium-239 and Its Industrial Medical Control

Physiological Properties of Plutonium and Assessment of Body Burden in Man

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