Use of a Durnin-Womersley formula to estimate change in subcutaneous fat content in HIV-infected subjects

Andrade, S R Viegas de; Lan, Shu Jan J; Engelson, Ellen S.; Agin, Denise; Wang, Jack; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Kotler, Donald P.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/75.3.587

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…All measurements were performed twice, and the observers were supervised by a single trainer. The Durnin-Womersley formula was used to calculate the percentage of body fat (12), which was closely related to the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue (13). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Visceral Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2008

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Visceral fat has been reported to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assessed the prevalence of both NAFLD and the MetS, measured visceral fat thickness (VFT), and estimated the physical activity indexes of 224 relatively healthy hospital workers. We also investigated the associations between both VFT and physical activity index and each of NAFLD and the MetS. The MetS was diagnosed according to the guidelines outlined by the Adult Treatment Panel III, and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Subjects with hepatitis B and C infections and those reporting moderate alcohol consumption were excluded from the study. The prevalence of the MetS was 11.6% and that of NAFLD was 41.5%. Many subjects with the MetS had NAFLD (73.1%), and some subjects with NAFLD (20.4%) also had several components of the MetS (p=0.001). VFT was significantly increased by both the addition of components of the MetS and the severity of NAFLD (p<0.001). In addition, VFT was independently associated with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.19) in subjects with more than 2 components of the MetS. In contrast, habitual physical activity was reversely associated with NAFLD (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.87). In conclusion, an increased visceral fat content and reduced physical activity could be not only biological markers but also therapeutic targets in the treatment of NAFLD and the MetS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Visceral Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2008

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“…All patients received stable HAART throughout the study. The median duration of HIV-1 infection was 12.3 years, and the median number of prior antiretroviral treatments was 9 (range: [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. More than 50% of the patients received monotherapy with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase in- hibitor (NRTI) and more than 80% received dual NRTI therapy before starting HAART.…”

Section: Subjects and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, expensive and time-consuming three-dimensional imaging techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are needed to distinguish between simple adiposity and visceral fat accumulation and also to determine the effectiveness of any interventions undertaken. However, MRI provides a precise tool to measure fat and its distribution with an estimated measurement error as low as 1-6% for repeated reading and 2-10% for repeated scanning [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, open‐label study to compare the effects of two different doses of recombinant human growth hormone on fat reduction and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV‐1‐infected patients with lipodystrophy

et al. 2006

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Several studies have shown beneficial effects of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) in reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy. MethodsPatients were randomized to r-hGH 4 mg daily (group A) or three times per week (group B) over 12 weeks, followed by a 2 mg daily maintenance dose for 12 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed to assess body composition. ResultsA total of 26 subjects were included in the study. VAT was reduced overall by 35.1 cm 2 (29.5%) at week 12 and by 49 cm 2 (39.9%) at week 24, respectively, compared with baseline (Po0.001 for both comparisons). By week 12, VAT was reduced by 27 and 29% (A vs B; P 5 0.47) while facial fat was reduced by 3.3 and 2.6 cm 2 in groups A and B, respectively (P 5 0.96). Over 24 weeks, VAT was reduced by 42 and 38% (P 5 0.35) and facial fat by 3.2 and 2.4 cm 2 in groups A and B, respectively (P 5 0.91), compared with baseline. There was a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in group A than in group B (4.9 vs 2.4 mg/dL in week 12 and 7.1 vs À 0.4 mg/dL in week 24; P 5 0.03). Fasting insulin levels increased, whereas glucose and insulin measured in oral glucose tolerance tests remained unchanged. Drug-related side effects were transient and reversible, but more common in group A (67%) than in group B (29%). ConclusionsThis study confirms reports that r-hGH effectively reduces VAT, with a relatively small reduction of facial and limb fat.Keywords: growth hormone, lipodystrophy, magnetic resonance imaging, visceral adipose tissue, visceral adiposity IntroductionIn recent years, HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome has become a major challenge in the treatment of HIV disease. This syndrome involves intra-abdominal (visceral) adiposity, development of antero-and dorsocervical fat pads (buffalo hump), breast enlargement and symmetric lipomatosis as signs of fat accumulation, and loss of subcutaneous fat from the face, limbs, trunk and buttocks [1][2][3][4][5]. All of these changes can occur alone or in combination. To date, the exact pathogenesis of the broad spectrum of these common, disfiguring body shape changes, which can occur at any stage of treated HIV 397 infection, is not completely understood. Visceral adiposity, one of the hallmarks of HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome, is a known independent risk factor for insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications [6][7][8] and is therefore a major concern as a potential long-term complication of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Recent studies suggest an increase of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events associated with the duration of HAART, although some results are contradictory [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Several studies using various antiretroviral treatment strategies failed to completely resolve or prevent HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Furthermore, expensive and time-consuming three-dimensional imaging techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are needed to disting...

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“…Several studies have demonstrated their utility in HIV atrophy and other conditions. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, studies of SAT structure remain scarce. 14 Moreover, the terms for describing adipose tissue have been subject to change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) enable distinction between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Several studies have demonstrated their utility in HIV atrophy and other conditions 2–13 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus atropy induces modification of subcutaneous adipose tissue architecture:in vivovisualization by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging

Josse¹,

Gensanne

Aquilina

et al. 2009

British Journal of Dermatology

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Use of a Durnin-Womersley formula to estimate change in subcutaneous fat content in HIV-infected subjects

Abstract: The Durnin-Womersley formula can be used to predict change in SAT. The limits of agreement and the SEE for predicting change in SAT by MRI are approximately twice as great as the error of repeated Durnin-Womersley measures in control subjects.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of Visceral Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Impact of Visceral Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A randomized, open‐label study to compare the effects of two different doses of recombinant human growth hormone on fat reduction and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV‐1‐infected patients with lipodystrophy

Human immunodeficiency virus atropy induces modification of subcutaneous adipose tissue architecture:in vivovisualization by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging

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