Use of a continuous source of excitation, an argon-hydrogen-air flame. and an extended flame cell for atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry

McGee, W.W.; Winefordner, J. D.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)80703-0

Cited by 43 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In order to compensate for sensitivity losses induced by the bandwidth, arrangements for increasing the absorption path length were developed [32][33][34]. Exceptionally remarkable are the measurements by Mossotti, Laqua and Hagenah of microscopically small atomic clouds generated by pulsed laser vaporization [35], with a low-pressure xenon flash lamp as continuum source.…”

Section: Photo-multiplier Tubes (Pmts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry and detector technology: A historical perspective

Becker‐Ross¹,

Florek²,

Heitmann³

et al. 2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Section: Photo-multiplier Tubes (Pmts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry and detector technology: A historical perspective

Becker‐Ross¹,

Florek²,

Heitmann³

et al. 2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…Sensitivity was initially enhanced by the use of multi-pass absorption cells. 8,9 However, it became obvious very soon that the best approach was not to recover lost sensitivity, but to avoid the loss of sensitivity by using a high resolution spectrometer to provide the narrow analytical bandwidth previously supplied by the LS. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In addition it was necessary to minimize the flicker noise of the xenon arc lamp in order to obtain detection limits comparable to those of LS AAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometry: what can we expect?

Welz¹,

Becker‐Ross²,

Florek³

et al. 2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um novo conceito instrumental vem sendo desenvolvido para espectrometria de absorção atômica (AAS), usando como fonte de radiação uma lâmpada de xenônio de alta intensidade, um monocromador double-echelle e um dispositivo com arranjo de carga acoplada como detector, permitindo uma resolução de ~2 pm por pixel. Entre as principais vantagens do sistema estão: i) uma melhora na razão sinal/ruído devido à elevada intensidade da fonte de radiação, resultando em melhor precisão e limites de detecção; ii) pelo mesmo motivo, não há mais linhas "fracas", portanto raias secundárias podem ser usadas sem comprometimentos; iii) novos elementos podem ser determinados, para os quais fontes de radiação ainda não são disponíveis; iv) toda a região espectral nas vizinhanças da raia analítica torna-se "visível", possibilitando muito mais informações do que as obtidas por instrumentos convencionais de AAS; v) a detecção com arranjo de carga acoplada permiti uma correção simultânea real da radiação de fundo nas proximidades da raia analítica; vi) o software possibilita a armazenagem de espectros de referência, por exemplo, de espectro de absorção molecular com estruturas rotacionais finas, e a subseqüente subtração deste do espectro de uma amostra , usando-se o algoritmo dos mínimos quadrados, sendo assim possível a correção de fundo estruturado mesmo sob a raia analítica; vii) embora ainda não disponível, se um detector bidimensional apropriado for usado o sistema permitirá em AAS medidas simultâneas multielementares, prática comum em espectrometria de emissão ótica; (viii) finalmente, experimentos preliminares vêm indicando que o novo instrumental poderá resultar em um melhor desempenho analítico na determinação de elementos traço em matrizes complexas.A new instrumental concept has been developed for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), using a high-intensity xenon short-arc lamp as continuum radiation source, a high-resolution doubleechelle monochromator and a CCD array detector, providing a resolution of ~2 pm per pixel. Among the major advantages of the system are: i) an improved signal-to-noise ratio because of the high intensity of the radiation source, resulting in improved photometric precision and detection limits; ii) for the same reason, there are no more 'weak' lines, i.e. secondary lines can be used without compromises; iii) new elements might be determined, for which no radiation source has been available; iv) the entire spectral environment around the analytical line becomes 'visible', giving a lot more information than current AAS instruments; v) the CCD array detector allows a truly simultaneous background correction close to the analytical line; vi) the software is capable of storing reference spectra, e.g. of a molecular absorption with rotational fine structure, and of subtracting such spectra from the spectra recorded for a sample, using a least squares algorithm; vii) although not yet realized, the system makes possible a truly simultaneous multi-element AAS measurement when an appropriate two-dimensional de...

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“…Two years later, Winefordner and McGee reported a system similar to Fassel's that employed an extended flame cell or tube …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fraunhofer Effect Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

et al. 2005

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The dark lines in the solar spectrum were discovered by Wollaston and cataloged by Fraunhofer in the early days of the 19th century. Some years later, Kirchhoff explained the appearance of the dark lines: the sun was acting as a continuum light source and metals in the ground state in its atmosphere were absorbing characteristic narrow regions of the spectrum. This discovery eventually spawned atomic absorption spectrometry, which became a routine technique for chemical analysis in the mid-20th century. Laboratory-based atomic absorption spectrometers differ from the original observation of the Fraunhofer lines because they have always employed a separate light source and atomizer. This article describes a novel atomic absorption device that employs a single source, the tungsten coil, as both the generator of continuum radiation and the atomizer of the analytes. A 25-microL aliquot of sample is placed on the tungsten filament removed from a commercially available 150-W light bulb. The solution is dried and ashed by applying low currents to the coil in a three-step procedure. Full power is then applied to the coil for a brief period. During this time, the coil produces white light, which may be absorbed by any metals present in the atomization cloud produced by the sample. A high-resolution spectrometer with a charge-coupled device detector monitors the emission spectrum of the coil, which includes the dark lines from the metals. Detection limits are reported for seven elements: 5 pg of Ca (422.7 nm); 2 ng of Co (352.7 nm); 200 pg of Cr (425.4 nm); 7 pg of Sr (460.7 nm); 100 pg of Yb (398.8 nm); 500 pg of Mn (403.1 nm); and 500 pg of K (404.4 nm). Simultaneous multielement analyses are possible within a 4-nm spectral window. The relative standard deviations for the seven metals are below 8% for all metals except for Ca (10.7%), which was present in the blank at measurable levels. Analysis of a standard reference material (drinking water) resulted in a mean percent recovery of 91%. This report attempts to give an historical perspective on the development of a novel atomic spectrometer based on the Fraunhofer effect.

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Use of a continuous source of excitation, an argon-hydrogen-air flame. and an extended flame cell for atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry and detector technology: A historical perspective

Continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry and detector technology: A historical perspective

High-resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometry: what can we expect?

Fraunhofer Effect Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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