Use of 3‐nitrobenzonitrile as an additive for improved sensitivity in sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry

Kanaki, Katerina; Pergantis, Spiros A.

doi:10.1002/rcm.7064

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…SAI with MAI matrix additives has been shown to improve the signal intensity in certain cases and lower the temperature required to obtain analytically useful analyte ion intensities . Adding the 3‐NBN matrix to SSI and DESI solvents also introduced similar benefits …”

Section: Performance Characteristics and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Trimpin

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

101

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Together with my group and collaborators, I have been fortunate to have had a key role in the discovery of new ionization processes that we developed into new flexible, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and robust ionization technologies and methods for use in mass spectrometry (MS). Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes which convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solids or liquids into gas-phase ions for analysis by MS using e.g. mass selected fragmentation and ion mobility spectrometry to provide reproducible, accurate, and improved mass and drift time resolution. In my view, the apex was the discovery of vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (vMAI) in 2012 on an intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source without the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy. Only exposure of the matrix:analyte to the sub-atmospheric pressure of the mass spectrometer was necessary to initiate ionization. These findings were initially rejected by three different scientific journals, with comments related to 'how can this work?', 'where do the charges come from?', and 'it is not analytically useful'. Meanwhile, we, and others have demonstrated analytical utility without a complete understanding of the mechanism. In reality, MALDI and electrospray ionization are widely used in science and their mechanisms are still controversially discussed despite use and optimization of now 30 years. This Perspective covers applications, and mechanistic aspects of the novel ionization processes for use in MS that guided us in instrument developments, and provides our perspective on how they relate to traditional ionization processes.

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Section: Performance Characteristics and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Trimpin

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

101

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“…For detailed applications, interested readers could refer to the macrostructure of electro-SSI [68]. Although the intensity of the SFFI mode was low in this report, recent works [69,70] have alleviated the ion suppression effect. On the basis of the current work, efforts will be performed in our future work to optimize the structure to realize self-aspirated samples by using the negative pressure caused by the high-velocity gas flow in the microfluidic chip.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Three-Dimensional Electro-Sonic Flow Focusing Ionization Microfluidic Chip for Mass Spectrometry

Qian

Chen

et al. 2015

Micromachines

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Increasing research efforts have been recently devoted to the coupling of microfluidic chip-integrated ionization sources to mass spectrometry (MS). Considering the limitations of microfluidic chips coupled with MS such as liquid spreading, dead volume, and manufacturing troubles, this paper proposed a new three-dimensional (3D) flow focusing (FF)-based microfluidic ionizing source. This source was fabricated by using the two-layer soft lithography method with the nozzle placed inside the chip. The proposed FF microfluidic chip can realize two-phase FF with liquid in air regardless of the viscosity ratio of the continuous and dispersed phases. MS results indicated that the proposed FF microfluidic chip can work as a typical electrical ionization source when supplied with high voltage and can serve as a sonic ionization source without high voltage. The electro-sonic FF ionization microfluidic chip is expected to have various applications, particularly in the integrated and portable applications of ionization sources coupling with portable MS in the future.

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“…All MS data was acquired in triplicate. The S/N ratios were calculated as S/N = S/5σ N, where S is the absolute intensity of the peak for the most abundant ion of each mass spectrum and N (5σ N ) is the standard deviation of average background levels obtained of MS intensity data spanning approximately 2.5 m/z units preceding the analyte peaks of interest …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S/N ratios were calculated as S/N = S/5σ N, where S is the absolute intensity of the peak for the most abundant ion of each mass spectrum and N (5σ N ) is the standard deviation of average background levels obtained of MS intensity data spanning approximately 2.5 m/z units preceding the analyte peaks of interest. [23,27] DESI-MS analysis DESI-MS data was performed using a Q-Exactive system (Thermo Fischer Scientific-Germany) coupled an Omni Spray Ion Source 2-D (Prosolia-USA). A solvent spray of methanol at a flow rate of 3 μl min À1 was positioned 2 mm from the surface at an incident angle of 55°.…”

Section: Easi-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dopant for improved sensitivity in easy ambient sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

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Recently, 3-nitrobenzonitrile (3-NBN) has been used to improve sensitivity of sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (EASI) is one of the simplest, gentlest and most used spray-based desorption/ionization ambient techniques, but limited sensitivity has been commonly taken as its major drawback. Herein we investigate the use of 3-NBN as a dopant in EASI-MS for improved sensitivity. Using a few typical EASI samples as test cases, the presence of 10 ppm (µg ml(-1) ) of 3-NBN in the spray solvent showed two to fourfold gains in EASI-MS sensitivity as measured both by total ion current and S/N ratios, accompanied with significant reductions in chemical noise. Sensitivity for DESI using 3-NBN as a dopant also improved and dopant DESI versus dopant EASI sensitivities were compared. The use of solvent dopants seems therefore to be a promising strategy to improve sensitivity for spray-based ambient MS techniques. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Use of 3‐nitrobenzonitrile as an additive for improved sensitivity in sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract: The use of 3-NBN with V-EASI-MS gives rise to a novel 3-NBN-assisted MS technique, which has demonstrated considerable signal enhancement for most of the compounds analyzed, thus improving its competitiveness towards the well-established and dominating ESI-MS technique.

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Three-Dimensional Electro-Sonic Flow Focusing Ionization Microfluidic Chip for Mass Spectrometry

A dopant for improved sensitivity in easy ambient sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry

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