Use of 3-dimensional surface acquisition to study facial morphology in 5 populations

Kau, Chung How; Richmond, Stephen; Zhurov, Alexei I.; Ovsenik, Maja; Tawfik, Walid; Borbely, Peter; English, Jeryl D.

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.022

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…8 Few investigators have addressed morphological differences between phylogenetically related populations. 11,12 Here, we aimed to determine morphological differences in the faces of two European Caucasian populations of close geographical proximity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face shape differs in phylogenetically related populations

Hopman

Merks

Suttie³

et al. 2014

Eur J Hum Genet

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3D analysis of facial morphology has delineated facial phenotypes in many medical conditions and detected fine grained differences between typical and atypical patients to inform genotype-phenotype studies. Next-generation sequencing techniques have enabled extremely detailed genotype-phenotype correlative analysis. Such comparisons typically employ control groups matched for age, sex and ethnicity and the distinction between ethnic categories in genotype-phenotype studies has been widely debated. The phylogenetic tree based on genetic polymorphism studies divides the world population into nine subpopulations. Here we show statistically significant face shape differences between two European Caucasian populations of close phylogenetic and geographic proximity from the UK and The Netherlands. The average face shape differences between the Dutch and UK cohorts were visualised in dynamic morphs and signature heat maps, and quantified for their statistical significance using both conventional anthropometry and state of the art dense surface modelling techniques. Our results demonstrate significant differences between Dutch and UK face shape. Other studies have shown that genetic variants influence normal facial variation. Thus, face shape difference between populations could reflect underlying genetic difference. This should be taken into account in genotype-phenotype studies and we recommend that in those studies reference groups be established in the same population as the individuals who form the subject of the study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face shape differs in phylogenetically related populations

Hopman

Merks

Suttie³

et al. 2014

Eur J Hum Genet

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“…Morphological profiles within and between populations and sexes (Kau et al, 2010), visualising soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery (Miller, Morris and Berry, 2007), syndrome diagnosis (Shaweesh, Clement, Thomas and Bankier, 2006), facial growth (Nute & Moss, 2000) and facial aging (Atsuchi, Tsuji, Usumoto, Yoshino and Ikeda, 2013) have been studied.…”

Section: Facial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and morphometric changes in the faces of female-to-male (FtM) transsexual people

Mackenzie

Wilkinson

2017

International Journal of Transgenderism

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Facial changes associated with administration of exogenous testosterone and oophorectomy in female-to-male (FTM) transsexual people (trans men; trans males) has not been previously documented. This study aimed to describe the qualitative and quantitative transformation from a female to a male facial appearance and to identify predictable patterns of change.Twenty-five trans men were studied using morphological and morphometrical analysis of pre-transition 2-D images and post-transition 3-D scan models. The mean subject age was 39 years and all subjects had been taking testosterone for at least 3 years, with a mean duration of therapy of 8.6 years.While 32% of subjects were classified by a majority of observers as male appearing in pre-transition photographs this rose to 95.5% in post-transition images. Eighty-six percent of subjects demonstrated an increase in male classification after transition. Morphometrically, 44% of subjects became wider in the face overall and 100% of subjects measured demonstrated a narrower nose after transition.Testosterone virilises adult female faces and will cause widening of the face. The most consistent facial change was the production of a narrower nasal width at the alae, which may be a result of fat re-deposition not related to ageing effects or body mass index (BMI).

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“…This method gained a wide popularity for its simplicity in describing facial changes. It has been widely applied to characterise facial shape amongst various populations [6][7][8] and to describe facial changes following orthognathic surgery. 9,10 The method was applied to evaluate facial shape variations based on the closest point on the corresponding facial surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art three-dimensional analysis of soft tissue changes following Le Fort I maxillary advancement

Almukhtar

Ayoub

Khambay

et al. 2016

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Abstract:Aim; This study was carried out to provide a comprehensive description of facial changes following Le Fort I osteotomy and introducing a novel tool for facial anthropometric analysis. Materials & methods; This study was carried out on 33 patients who had had Le Fort I maxillary advancement with or without posterior vertical impaction. The investigation was conducted on the CBCT images which were captured one month before surgery and 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Two types of the analysis were applied in this study, the Euclidian corresponding

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Use of 3-dimensional surface acquisition to study facial morphology in 5 populations

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

Face shape differs in phylogenetically related populations

Face shape differs in phylogenetically related populations

Morphological and morphometric changes in the faces of female-to-male (FtM) transsexual people

State-of-the-art three-dimensional analysis of soft tissue changes following Le Fort I maxillary advancement

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