Use of 10Be in polar ice to trace the 11-year cycle of solar activity

Beer, J.; Blinov, A. V.; Bonani, Georges; Finkel, Robert C.; Hofmann, H.J.; Lehmann, B.; Oeschger, H.; Sigg, Andreas; Schwander, J.; Stauffer, B.; Suter, M.; Wötfli, W.

doi:10.1038/347164a0

Cited by 364 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The cosmic-ray flux incident on Earth, in turn, is modulated by the heliospheric field: their passage from the outer heliosphere toward Earth is hampered by frequent scattering off the heliospheric magnetic field and the irregularities traveling in it (Cliver & Ling 2001). Consequently, the propagation of solar field into the outer heliosphere, along with the atmospheric dwell time of 10 Be, introduce some smearing and a 1 or 2 yr phase lag between solar activity and the corresponding 10 Be abundance (Beer et al 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better constrain d , we instead use an indirect measure of the heliospheric field over the past few centuries, namely, the abundance of the 10 Be isotope found in polar ice cores (Beer et al 1990;Beer, Tobias, & Wilson 1998). This radioisotope is produced in collisions of cosmic rays with nitrogen and oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, some of which is eventually captured in aerosols that precipitate onto polar ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is Missing from Our Understanding of Long‐Term Solar and Heliospheric Activity?

Schrijver

DeRosa

Title

2002

ApJ

144

167

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The heliospheric magnetic field is associated with changes in space weather, cosmic-ray flux, and likely climate. This field is determined by the largest scale patterns of magnetism at the solar surface, dominated by the lower latitude active regions during cycle maximum and by the circumpolar fields during cycle minimum. Whereas the magnetic field in the activity belt is readily studied, the high-latitude field is much less accessible, and its study requires a combination of modeling and observation. Current models hold that the high-latitude magnetic field on the Sun is determined solely by the accumulation of field transported poleward from lower latitude active regions. We test this hypothesis by simulating the evolution of the magnetic field at the solar surface and in the heliosphere during the last 340 yr using a state-of-the-art model that incorporates all processes that are known to contribute significantly to the evolution of the large-scale patterns in the solar field. We find that if only the emergence frequency of magnetic bipoles is varied in accordance with observed sunspot records, the polar-cap field reservoir does not match measurements during past years. Based on comparisons of our simulations with observed polar fluxes over the last few decades and with the proxy for the heliospheric flux formed by 340 yr of 10 Be ice-core data, we suggest that the high-latitude field may be subject to decay on a timescale of 5-10 yr. We discuss the consequences of this finding for our understanding of the Sun-Earth connection and explore inferences for the coupling of the Sun's internal magnetic field to the heliospheric field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Missing from Our Understanding of Long‐Term Solar and Heliospheric Activity?

Schrijver

DeRosa

Title

2002

ApJ

144

167

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“…To extend the record of solar activity indirect proxy data can be derived from measurements of the cosmogenic radionuclides 10 Be and 14 C (radiocarbon) in natural archives such as ice cores and tree rings (Beer et al, 1990(Beer et al, , 2006Muscheler et al, 2004;Stuiver et al, 1991;Solanki et al, 2004;Usoskin et al, 2004bUsoskin et al, , 2004cvan Geel, 2008, Steinhilber et al, 2009). Cosmogenic radionuclides are produced continuously in the atmosphere as a result of the interaction of galactic cosmic rays with nitrogen and oxygen.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying and specifying the solar influence on terrestrial surface temperature

Jager

Duhau

Geel

2010

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tThis investigation is a follow-up of a paper in which we showed that both major magnetic components of the solar dynamo, viz. the toroidal and the poloidal ones, are correlated with average terrestrial surface temperatures. Here, we quantify, improve and specify that result and search for their causes. We studied seven recent temperature files. They were smoothed in order to eliminate the Schwabe-type (11 years) variations. While the total temperature gradient over the period of investigation (1610-1970) is 0.087 1C/century; a gradient of 0.077 1C/century is correlated with the equatorial (toroidal) magnetic field component. Half of it is explained by the increase of the Total Solar Irradiance over the period of investigation, while the other half is due to feedback by evaporated water vapour. A yet unexplained gradient of À 0.040 1C/century is correlated with the polar (poloidal) magnetic field. The residual temperature increase over that period, not correlated with solar variability, is 0.051 1C/century. It is ascribed to climatologic forcings and internal modes of variation.We used these results to study present terrestrial surface warming. By subtracting the above-mentioned components from the observed temperatures we found a residual excess of 0.311 in 1999, this being the triangularly weighted residual over the period 1990-2008. We show that solar forcing of the ground temperature associated with significant feedback is a regularly occurring feature, by describing some well observed events during the Holocene.

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“…They concluded that both series show similar short-term trends; the 200-yr cycle in the 14C record is also clearly seen in the 10Be record, but the geomagnetic dipole field variation seen prominently in the 14C record is not apparent in the 10Be sequence. In a recent high-resolution study of 10Be concentration in a south Greenland ice core from Dye 3, Beer et al (1990) found a fairly large amplitude variation with a period of 11 yr.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Cosmogenic Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmogenic Nuclides in Ice Sheets

Lal

Jull

1992

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. We discuss the nature of the twofold record of cosmogenic nuclides in ice sheets, of nuclei produced in the atmosphere, and of nuclei produced in situ due to interactions of cosmic-ray particles with oxygen nuclei in ice. We show that a wealth of geophysical information, in principle, can be derived from a suitable combination of nuclides in ice deposited at different latitudes. Such knowledge includes temporal changes in the cosmic-ray flux, in the geomagnetic field and in climate. The rate of deposition of cosmogenic atmospheric nuclei in ice depends on the global cosmic-ray flux and a host of climatic factors. The global cosmic-ray flux, in turn, depends on the level of solar activity, and of the geomagnetic dipole field. Thus, the task of deconvolution of the record of cosmogenic nuclides is difficult, but can be facilitated by considering the recently discovered record of in-situ-produced cosmogenic 14C, whose production rate at high latitudes is independent of the geomagnetic dipole field (La11992b). We also present a brief review of work done to date and new prospects for deciphering geophysical records using ice sheets.

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Use of 10Be in polar ice to trace the 11-year cycle of solar activity

Cited by 364 publications

References 28 publications

What Is Missing from Our Understanding of Long‐Term Solar and Heliospheric Activity?

What Is Missing from Our Understanding of Long‐Term Solar and Heliospheric Activity?

Quantifying and specifying the solar influence on terrestrial surface temperature

Cosmogenic Nuclides in Ice Sheets

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