Use and safety of prophylactic endoscopy from a single center serving urban and rural children with portal hypertension

Slowik, Voytek; Bernardez, Anissa; Wasserkrug, Heather; Fischer, Ryan T.; Daniel, J.; Grammatikopoulos, Tassos

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03759-x

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…In this study, the major factors contributing to re-bleeding were the grades of varices, the severity of cirrhosis, the number of bands ligation and the presence or absence of red wale sign. 8 out of 9 (88.9%) patients that had evidence of re-bleeding had findings of red wale sign at the initial endoscopy which is consistent with data from an international study by Slowik, Voytek, et al 24 In 30 patients who had grade 2 or above oesophageal varices, 9 (30%) out of these patients had rebleeding, while 63 patients had grade 1 on initial endoscopy and had no evidence of re-bleeding. In total 93 patients; 15, 33 and 45 patients belonged to child C, B and A respectively showing that the risk of rebleeding is significantly greater in patients with severe liver disease Child-Pugh Class C or B.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Predictors of Re-Bleeding After Oesophageal Variceal Banding in Cirrhotic Patients at 4 Weeks

Asghar

Mustafa

Rehman

et al. 2023

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad

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Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious complication in cirrhotic patients. Without recommended management, recurrent bleeding happens in 30–40% within the next 2–3 days, and up to 60% within 1 week. Aim was to determine predictors of re-bleeding after oesophageal variceal banding in cirrhotic patients for 4 weeks. It was a descriptive study, conducted at the Department of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Six months from June 21 to December 21, 2021. Methods: A total of 93 patients with active oesophageal variceal bleeding were included in this study. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy was performed to look for bendable varices (grades 1–4) and band ligation was applied. Patients were followed for 4 weeks for the history of hematemesis or Malena, fall in haemoglobin of 2 grams per decilitre or more and endoscopic rebleeding findings. Results: Out of 93 patients, 67(72.0%) were males, while 26(28.0%) were females. The Mean age of the patients was 45.66±16.61 years. According to Child-Pugh Classification, the majority of the patients 45(48.4%) had Child-Pugh Class-A, while 33 (35.5%) were Child B and 15 (16.1%) patients belonged to Child-Pugh Class C. Red wale sign was noted in 22 patients (23.7%). Among 93 cirrhotic patients who presented with variceal bleeding, 9 (9.7%) had re-bleeding within 4 weeks. Amongst 9 patients, 8 patients (88.9%) had red wale sign, grade II or above oesophageal varices and belonged to severe liver disease with child class B or C. Conclusion: Endoscopic variceal band Ligation is an effective treatment modality for the control of oesophageal variceal bleeding. Re-bleeding after band ligation was 9.7%. The major contributing factors to re-bleeding were the severity of cirrhosis, grades and columns of oesophageal varices, number of bands ligation and findings of red wale sign. Increasing age and duration of cirrhosis were contributing predictors of increased re-bleeding risk

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Predictors of Re-Bleeding After Oesophageal Variceal Banding in Cirrhotic Patients at 4 Weeks

Asghar

Mustafa

Rehman

et al. 2023

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad

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Robust mean shift filter for mixed Gaussian and impulsive noise reduction in color digital images

Kusnik

Smołka

2022

Sci Rep

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Noise reduction is one of the most important topics of digital image processing and despite the fact that it has been studied for a long time it remains the subject of active research. In the following work, we present an extension of the Mean Shift technique, which is efficiently reducing the Gaussian noise, so that it is able to cope with the impulsive disturbances. Furthermore, the elaborated technique can be applied to enhance the images corrupted by a mixture of strong Gaussian and impulsive noise, severely decreasing the quality of color digital images. By means of our approach, which is based on a novel similarity measure between a pixel and a patch located in the center of the processing block, even heavily disturbed images can be effectively restored, which enables the success of further stages of the image processing pipeline. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method using a publicly available database of test color images and compare the restored images applying a set of standard quality metrics with the results delivered by state-of-the-art denoising methods. Additionally, we compare our method with the Medoid and Quick Shift techniques, accelerating the original Mean Shift algorithm, in terms of objective quality criteria and computational complexity. The results of the performed experiments indicate that the proposed technique is superior to the widely used denoising techniques and can be used as a robust extension of the Mean Shift procedure. In the paper, a particular emphasis is placed on the ability of the presented algorithm to preserve and enhance image edges. The performed experiments evaluated with the use of the Pratt’s index, quantitatively confirm the superiority of the proposed design over the Mean Shift and standard denoising methods. The preservation of edges and even their sharpening is a very important feature of our algorithm whereas the final goal is segmentation, playing a crucial role in various computer vision tasks. The proposed algorithm is intended for the mixed noise reduction in color images, but it can be also applied in multispectral imaging and clustering of multidimensional data. To enable the comparison of our method with the standard denoising techniques and to help applying it in other image processing fields, we made its code freely available.

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Association between height loss and mortality in the general population

Iwasaki

Kimura

Tanaka

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Height loss is caused by osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, disc reduction, postural changes, and kyphosis. Marked long-term height loss is reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly. The present study investigated the relationship between short-term height loss and the risk of mortality using the longitudinal cohort data of the Japan Specific Health Checkup Study (J-SHC). Included individuals were aged 40 years or older and received periodic health checkups in 2008 and 2010. The exposure of interest was height loss over the 2 years, and the outcome was all-cause mortality over subsequent follow up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between height loss and all-cause mortality. Of the 222,392 individuals (88,285 men, 134,107 women) included in this study, 1436 died during the observation period (mean 4.8 ± 1.1 years). The subjects were divided into two groups based on a cut-off value of height loss of 0.5 cm over 2 years. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.26 (1.13–1.41) for exposure to height loss ≥ 0.5 cm compared to height loss < 0.5 cm. Height loss ≥ 0.5 cm correlated significantly with an increased risk of mortality compared to height loss < 0.5 cm in both men and women. Even a small decrease in height over 2 years was associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and might be a helpful marker for stratifying mortality risk.

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Use and safety of prophylactic endoscopy from a single center serving urban and rural children with portal hypertension

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Predictors of Re-Bleeding After Oesophageal Variceal Banding in Cirrhotic Patients at 4 Weeks

Predictors of Re-Bleeding After Oesophageal Variceal Banding in Cirrhotic Patients at 4 Weeks

Robust mean shift filter for mixed Gaussian and impulsive noise reduction in color digital images

Association between height loss and mortality in the general population

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