Use and Properties of Blast Furnace Slag as a Building Material- A Review

Abstract

Abstract-This paper aims at bringing a literature review on the uses and properties of popular industrial and mineral byproduct slag. At the present, most industrial slags are being used without taking full advantage of their properties or disposed rather than used. The use of slag in replacing Portland cement by GGBFS is not very common. The traditional way to utilize metallurgical slags in cementing materials is to partially replace Portland cement. The practice of using such mineral admixtures in construction will reduce the need of portland cement and its use in various parts of the world, thus greatly reducing the amount of pollution and pave a way for a cleaner and more economical construction material, of which India is in a great need.The literary investigation was carried out on different forms of slag used in construction, i.e. slag aggregates, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and slag mixed with clinker in cement production. Many different properties were examined during the literature review, all segregated into separate categories based on the type of usage, particle size and chemical composition. The base samples ranged from cement sample to meter cubes, beams and concrete cubes. The properties investigated from various sources of literature were hydration, reactivity, hydraulic power and slump loss. Also properties related to durability and environmental effects like cabonation depth, chloride resistance, sulphate resistance, percentage of water absorption, heat resistance and resistance to freeze and thaw cycles are also discussed. Its activation with innovative methods and certain reasons were found out which attributed to such behaviour such as glass content, microstructure, pH nature, pore size etc.The behaviour of concrete samples were also investigated with some agents, i.e. samples with some extra chemical admixtures, air entraining agents. Also differentiation was done on the basis of formation of slag aggregates, i.e. the variation in properties of slag based construction materials vary when slag is created employing different techniques. The investigation will also explain the different problems faced by civil engineers in using slag as a major component in building materials.

Sustainable Use of Steel Industry Slag (SIS) for Concrete Production: A State Art of Review

“…Slag cement processing produces a value-added commodity from a material like blast furnace slag which could otherwise be intended for disposal [23]. In addition to reducing the pressure on landfills by producing slag concrete, it also decreases air pollution at steel plants through the granulation process (as opposed to the conventional air-cooling system).…”

Analysis of the Impact of Sludge and Slag Waste on the Basic Properties of Cement Mortars

“…Ulewicz and, bio-silica (Muradyan et al, 2023), concrete and cement waste (Kalinowska-Wichrowska, 2022) as well as ash from the combustion of agricultural and municipal waste and sewage sludge (Kalak et al, 2023;Pietrzak, 2019) on the properties of composites with a cement matrix. The literature also contains reports on the use of waste from the iron, aluminum and copper metallurgy for the production of cement-based composite materials (Ahmad et al, 2022;Bae et al, 2021;Brachaczek et al, 2023;Cardoso et al, 2022;Faraone et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2019;Lehner et al, 2022;Lis and Nowacki, 2022;Mohit, 2014;Nazer et al, 2021;Pizoń et al, 2020;Rashad, 2014;Rashad, 2022;Rooholamini et al, 2019;Santamaría et al, 2020;Santamaría-Vicario et al, 2016;Yee Leng Ng et al, 2022;). Waste from the steel industry has been of interest to scientists for many years, because the majority of it is still deposited in landfills.…”

Thermal Properties of Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement as an Alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement

“…The production of 1 ton of clinker emits from 0.6 to 1 ton of CO 2 , depending on the applied technology [1,2]. To decrease the impact of the concrete industry on carbon dioxide emissions, many different approaches are currently taken, including decreasing the amount of Portland clinker in cement by its substitution with other materials such as blast furnace slags [3], pozzolans [4], fly ash [5], or limestone [6], or by using other binders not based on Portland clinker, such as geopolymers [7] or calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) clinker [8,9].…”