Usage pattern, physical integrity &amp; insecticidal efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Odisha State, India

Anuse, SS; Ss, Sahu; Subramanian, S.; Gunasekaran, K.

doi:10.4103/0971-5916.176628

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For these reasons, the continued use and effectiveness of LLINs should be regularly monitored to avoid malaria resurgence in the future [52]. Another 2014 study in Odisha, India [53], which assessed the insecticidal efficacy, usage pattern, washing practices and physical integrity of PermaNet LLINs, identified the importance of maintaining LLIN programmes and continuing periodic distribution of new nets to replace those that have holes and have lost insecticide concentration [53]. Despite a recent decline in malaria incidence in this study area, many residents still continued to use LLINs at home, and to a lesser extent while away from home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and acceptance of government-sponsored malaria control interventions in Meghalaya, India

Passah

Nengnong

Wilson

et al. 2022

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background India has made considerable progress in malaria reduction over the past two decades, with government-sponsored indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) or long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) distribution being the main vector-related prevention efforts. Few investigations have used non-participant observational methods to assess malaria control measures while they were being implemented, nor documented people’s perceptions and acceptance of IRS or LLINs in India, and none have done so in the northeast region. This study evaluated household (HH)-level operation of IRS and distribution of LLINs by India’s National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) in 50 villages of Meghalaya state, and documented their acceptance and use. Methods Study field teams accompanied the government health system teams during August-October, 2019 and 2020 to observe deployment of LLINs, and record HH-level data on LLIN numbers and use. In addition, NVBDCP spray teams were followed during 2019–2021 to observe IRS preparation and administration. HH members were interviewed to better understand reasons for acceptance or refusal of spraying. Results A total of 8386 LLINs were distributed to 2727 HHs in 24 villages from five Primary Health Centres, representing 99.5% of planned coverage. Interviews with 80 HH residents indicated that they appreciated the LLIN dissemination programme, and generally made regular and appropriate use of LLINs, except during overnight travel or when working in agricultural fields. However, HH-level IRS application, which was observed at 632 HHs, did not always follow standard insecticide preparation and safety protocols. Of 1,079 occupied HHs visited by the spray team, 632 (58.6%) refused to allow any spraying. Only 198 (18.4%) HHs agreed to be sprayed, comprising 152 (14.1%) that were only partly sprayed, and 46 (4.3%) that were fully sprayed. Reasons for refusal included: inadequate time to rearrange HH items, young children were present, annoying smell, staining of walls, and threat to bee-keeping or Eri silk moth cultivation. Conclusions These findings are among the first in India that independently evaluate people's perceptions and acceptance of ongoing government-sponsored IRS and LLIN programmes for malaria prevention. They represent important insights for achieving India's goal of malaria elimination by 2030.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and acceptance of government-sponsored malaria control interventions in Meghalaya, India

Passah

Nengnong

Wilson

et al. 2022

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Earlier, various studies have evaluated the effectiveness of different brands of LLINs in diverse socio-cultural and ecological areas in a research mode [3,11,22]. However, information is ought to be generated on the performance of the field used LLINs, their coverage, efficacy and usage pattern after the mass distribution by the national programme in Indian public health settings [19,23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the year 1958 onwards, IRS with DDT was the sole vector control intervention ongoing in the Laxmipur CHC. From 2009, distribution of LLINs was done in many high endemic areas of the CHC in a phase wise approach [19]. As a part of malaria elimination programme in India, during mid-2017, mass distribution of PermaNet 2.0 LN, a 100-denier (40 g/m 2 fabric weight) polyester net (size: 180 × 120 × 150 cm) coated with deltamethrin (55 mg/m 2 ) was carried out in 17 high endemic districts of Odisha state including Koraput district.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bio-efficacy and durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed by malaria elimination programme in Eastern India

Sahu

Keshaowar

Thankachy

et al. 2020

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the most favoured vector control tools worldwide. Timely monitoring and evaluation of LLINs is important to sustain the impact of this promising vector control method and for replacement of worn-out and those rendered ineffective. During the mid-2017, LLINs were distributed by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) in high malaria endemic districts of the eastern coastal state of Odisha. The study was carried out to assess the field performance of the LLINs post 30 months of distribution in Koraput district of Odisha state. Methods A total of 130 households were randomly selected from three villages of Laxmipur CHC in Koraput district, Odisha, India; one each from hilltop, foothill and plain terrain. The net users were interviewed to elicit information on usage, washing practices, physical integrity, bio-efficacy and survivorship of LLINs to confirm the claimed three-year life of the LLINs. Results 74.8% of the LLINs were physically present after 30 months of distribution. The numbers (%) of LLINs used previous night varied from 30 to 61% between study villages. 74% respondents were using the LLINs throughout the year and 26% only seasonally. Of the total, 85% of the nets were reported to be washed and 95% nets were dried under shade as recommended. Altogether, 58% of the surveyed nets were found torn with holes. Of these, 74 (57%) nets were in good condition, 10 (8%) nets were in serviceable and 45 (35%) nets were badly torn and needed replacement. A total of 45 (93.75%), 68 (80%) and 71 (63.8%) LLINs were physically present in hilltop, foothill and plain villages, respectively. The LLINs did meet the efficacy criteria, given the 100% mortality to the exposed Anopheles jeyporiensis mosquitoes post 30 months distribution. Conclusions The findings of this study were communicated to the programme officials of the state and LLINs were replenished soon after 31st month post-distribution of LLINs.

show abstract

“…The proportion of individuals using LLINs ranged from 55% to 77% in different rounds. Previous studies in India have reported similar rate of LLIN-use [ 21 , 22 , 37 ]. Our analysis of the determinants of LLIN use showed that individuals who belong to larger households are less likely to use LLIN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The rate of bed-net use was 41.2% [ 20 ]. In India, a 2014 study on 15 villages in Odisha found that the rate of LLIN-use varied between 57.9% and 90.2% [ 21 ]. A 2015 study in a subdistrict of Chhattisgarh reported that 59.4% of individuals had used LLINs the previous night [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing afebrile malaria and bed-net use in a high-burden region of India: Findings from multiple rounds of mass screening

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A key obstacle in the fight against malaria is afebrile malaria. It remains undiagnosed and, therefore, is invisible to the health system. Apart from being a serious illness, it contributes to increased transmission. Existing studies in India have not adequately reported afebrile malaria and its determinants, including the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). This study used six waves of mass screening, which were conducted by the state government in the high-malaria-burden region of Chhattisgarh, a state in India, in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Each round of data collection included more than 15000 individuals. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse key indicators of malaria prevalence and LLIN use. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the determinants of afebrile malaria and LLIN use. Malaria prevalence in the afebrile population varied from 0.6% to 1.4% across the different waves of mass screening. In comparison, malaria positivity among febrile individuals was greater than 33% in each wave. Afebrile malaria contributed to 19.6% to 47.2% of the overall malaria burden in the region. Indigenous communities (scheduled tribes) were more susceptible to malaria, including afebrile malaria. Individuals using LLINs were less likely to be affected by afebrile malaria. Overall, 77% of the individuals used LLINs in early monsoon season, and in winter the rate was lower at 55%. LLIN use was significantly associated with the number of LLINs the households received from the government. Although fever continues to be a primary symptom of malaria, afebrile malaria remains a significant contributor to the malaria burden in the region. The free distribution of LLINs should be expanded to include high-burden populations. Global policies must include strategies for surveillance and control of afebrile malaria in high-burden areas.

show abstract

Usage pattern, physical integrity & insecticidal efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Odisha State, India

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Implementation and acceptance of government-sponsored malaria control interventions in Meghalaya, India

Implementation and acceptance of government-sponsored malaria control interventions in Meghalaya, India

Evaluation of bio-efficacy and durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed by malaria elimination programme in Eastern India

Assessing afebrile malaria and bed-net use in a high-burden region of India: Findings from multiple rounds of mass screening

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About