Usage of sewage effluent in irrigation of some woody tree seedlings. Part 3: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

Heavy Metal Pollution Investigation of Left Bank Outfall Drain of Coastal District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan by Using Arc GIS

“…It is obvious that the concentration of iron was higher near entrance of drain and it reduced on reaching the coastal sea water mixing zone (Fig 8). It may be due to high quantity of water near coast, causing heavy metal concentration get diluted.Iron concentration in all the sampling areas was also within permissible limits of FAO (5 mg/L) for agriculture use [18].The results of the concentration of Fe are in agreement with Saif et al [17].Similar findings were also reported by Tariq et al [19] and Ali et al [24].…”

“…High concentration of Cd was observed at sampling area S-1, S-2.Concentration of cadmium was found to be diluted where KPOD enters near disappeared Cholri weir area (Fig.1).The cadmium concentration in all sampling areas was also found to be within permissible limits of FAO (0.1 mg/L)for agriculture use [18].According a study conducted for industrial effluent near Karachi, reported concentration of Cd was 0.004-2.4 mg/L, by Saif et al [17]. Similar results were also reported by Tariq et al [19] andAli et al [24] for assessment of industrial and sewage effluents.According Iqbal and Edyvean,Khuhawar and Majidano , Devnani and Satsangee , andIqbal et al [20,21,22 and 23] the major sources of Cd contamination are batteries, fertilizers,electroplating, smelting, paint pigments, mining and alloy industries.Though only sugar mill industries can be traced in district Badin (Fig 1),to find out other industries contributing cadmium pollutantsis very dificult task for present study, as LBOD caries industrial effluent of three distrits which are hundreds of km away from present study of areas.…”

“…Zinc was within permissible limits (5 mg/L) of NEQS in all the sampling areas. Same reducing pattern of Zinc concentration was found as water quantity increased near coastal mixing zone (Fig 1).Zinc concentration in all the sampling areas was also within permissible limits of FAO (2 mg/L) for agriculture use [18].Similar results for zinc concentration were also found by [17,19,24].It has been reported that exceeded concentration of zinc in water bodies, causes fever, depression, malaise, cough, vomiting and headache [25,26].…”

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

“…Ali et al (2011) found that the effluent from treating heavy metals enhanced the quality of soil and increased plant growth potential. Other authors have considered the effects of heavy metal removal in oxidation ponds.…”

Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on size-structure, biochemical products and mineral content of native medicinal shrubs

“…forests) irrigated by treated wastewater can improve air quality and increase local timber production (FAO, 2006). However, the direct application of wastewater on agriculture and desert lands can lead to contamination with trace metals, organic toxic chemicals and pathogens (Singh and Bhati, 2005;Ali et al, 2011). Most previous studies of the impact of treated-wastewater irrigation have concentrated on its effects on biomass, growth, nutrient cycling and accumulation of trace metals in tree plantations and agricultural crops, but have ignored the effects on the native flora which represent an essential component of the ecosystem (e.g.…”