Usage of graph patterns for concept map extension

Abstract

In concept map-based assessment an expert’s concept map can be expanded using graph patterns to add hidden and inverse relations. This helps to avoid forcing a learner to use certain structures and names. Graph patterns are subgraphs that describe combinations of concept map elements, from which extra relations can be inferred. In this paper an enriched set of graph patterns is described along with their respective IF...THEN rules which can be used for automated knowledge assessment. Some of them are already implemented in the intelligent and adaptive knowledge assessment system IKAS.

Using Datalog to provide just-in-time feedback during the construction of concept maps

“…To address this problem, Kornilakis et al (2004) propose the use of WordNet (Miller, 1995), a lexical resource, to address this problem and enhance the prefabricated maps with synonyms. However, WordNet has been criticized inside (Strautmane, 2012) and outside (Nirenburg, McShane and Beale, 2004) the concept maps community. We contend that instead of incorporating a resource, such as WordNet, concept maps should have a structure that allows the introduction of terms according to the school level (Latimer 2001) or knowledge field (Rickard 1984;Martin 2006).…”

“…There are approaches to concept mapping, such as the ones depicted in Pirnay-Dummer, Ifenthaler & Spector (2010), Shute et al (2009), Strautmane (2012, which focus on binary relations. However, the first two seek to analyze the quality of a concept map, and its evolution through time, w.r.t.…”

“…The approach that is closest to ours is the one presented in the concept mapping tool IKAS (Strautmane, 2012). Its goal is to expand the prefabricated map with extra binary relations denominated hidden and inverse relations (Anohina, Vilkelis & Lukasenko, 2009), which are logical consequences of linking two or more concepts with a relation.…”

“…Fourth, symmetry is confused with the inverse of a relation. For example, the "is sibling of" relation depicted in (Strautmane 2012) is symmetric, and is an example of the following triplet: (Symmetric, Irreflexive, Intransitive). This means that if a learner states "A is sibling of B" then it is also stating, although implicitly, "B is sibling of A".…”

Increasing the flexibility of automated concept map based knowledge assessment

“…There are altogether 10 patterns determined that can be used to identify CM's fragments that allow inference of additional relationships from a teacher's created reference model. IKAS's used graph patterns for deriving hidden relationships from reference model are described in [18].…”