Usage impact on data center electricity needs: A system dynamic forecasting model

Koot, Martijn; Wijnhoven, Alphonsus B.J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116798

Cited by 163 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As a result, a strand of literature has used different scenarios for this analysis. For example, Koot & Wijnhoven (2021) present some projections for the electricity needs of data centers by using a system dynamics model. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is a prominent example that has markedly changed media consumption.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electricity- and CO2-saving potentials offered by regulation of European video-streaming services

2022

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Massive increases in Internet data traffic over the last years have led to rapidly rising electricity demand and CO2 emissions, giving rise to environmental externalities and network congestion costs. One particular concern is the rise in data traffic generated by video-streaming services. We analyze the electricity-saving potential related to video streaming in Europe from 2020 to 2030. To this end, three trend scenarios (Business-as-usual, Gray, and Green) are considered and modeled bottom-up, taking specific energy consumption (and trends) of data transmission networks, end-use devices, and data centers into account. Using these scenarios, we examine in more detail the approximate energy-saving impact that regulatory interventions and technical standards can have on the electricity consumption of end-users, network operators, and data centers. The model results reveal that regulatory intervention can have a significant impact on energy consumption and CO2 emissions. As technical regulation carries the risk of stymieing innovation and dynamic efficiency, we propose economic regulation in terms of a mandatory transit fee as a long-term solution.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electricity- and CO2-saving potentials offered by regulation of European video-streaming services

2022

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“…A report by Cisco Systems [1] claims that due to the introduction of 5G, the mobile traffic will be seven times more in 2022 than in 2017. Koot and Wijnhoven [2] predict the energy consumption by data centers to increase from 292 TWh in 2016 to 353 TWh in 2030. However, according to Hintemann and Hinterholzer, the amount of energy consumed by data centers in 2016 is forecasted to get doubled by 2030 [3].…”

Section: *Author For Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive threshold policy for host overload detection in cloud data centre

2021

IJATEE

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“…Furthermore, this usage is expected to increase to~4.5% of all electricity usage in 2025 [3]. The end of Moore's law and IoT combined are anticipated to drive data centre energy needs up to 1287 TWh by 2030 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to Reduce the Electricity Cost of Data Centres

et al. 2021

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The Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission has reported that, from 2014 to 2018, Thailand’s internet usage has grown six-fold to 3.3 million terabytes per annum. This market trend highlights one of the policies of Thailand 4.0, with the aim of making Thailand a hub for information transfer in ASEAN. As a result, there will be a massive demand growth for data storage facilities in the near future. Data centres are regarded as the brain and heart of the digital industry and are essential for facilitating businesses in organising, processing, storing and disseminating large amounts of data. As the energy demand for equipment cooling contributes to over 37% of the total energy consumption, the data centres of the world’s leading companies, such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Facebook, are generally located in cold climate zones, such as Iceland, in order to reduce operating costs for cooling. Due to this reason, the possibility of data centres in Thailand is limited. Beneficially, PTTLNG, as the first liquified natural gas (LNG) terminal in Thailand, has processed the import, receiving, storage and regasification of LNG. The high abundance of cold energy inherently presented in LNG is normally lost to the surroundings during regasification. Presently, PTTLNG’s LNG receiving terminal utilises a heat exchanger with propane as an intermediate fluid to transfer cold energy from LNG to water. This cold energy, in the form of cold water, is then used in several projects within the LNG receiving terminal: (1) production of electricity via an organic Rankine cycle capacity of 5 MWh; (2) cooling the air inlet of gas turbine generators to increase the generator efficiency; (3) replacing refrigerant heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems within buildings; (4) development of winter plantations with precision agriculture to replace imported products. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential and future use for LNG cold energy by performing a thermodynamic and economic analysis of the use of LNG cold energy as a source to produce cold water at 7 °C, with the total cold energy of 27.77 to 34.15 MW or 7934 t to 9757 t of refrigeration depending on the target pressure of the natural gas to replace the conventional cooling system of data centres. This research has the potential to reduce the cooling operation costs of data centres by more than USD 9.87 million per annum as well as CO2 emissions by 34,772 t per annum. In an economic study, this research could lead to a payback period of 7 years with IRR 13% for the LNG receiving terminal and a payback period of 2.21 years with IRR 45% for digital companies.

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Usage impact on data center electricity needs: A system dynamic forecasting model

Cited by 163 publications

References 46 publications

The electricity- and CO2-saving potentials offered by regulation of European video-streaming services

The electricity- and CO2-saving potentials offered by regulation of European video-streaming services

An adaptive threshold policy for host overload detection in cloud data centre

Utilising Cold Energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to Reduce the Electricity Cost of Data Centres

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