Usage des psychotropes et troubles psychiatriques en France : résultats de l’étude épidémiologique ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000/ (ESEMeD) en population générale

Gasquet, Isabelle; Nègre‐Pagès, Laurence; Fourrier, A; Nachbaur, Gaëlle; El-Hasnaoui, Abdelkader; Kovess, V.; Lépine, Jean Pierre

doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(05)82386-3

Cited by 81 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We also calculated the prevalence of patients who received an AX or HY at least six times, used as a proxy for chronic use [3]. Age-adjusted prevalence was calculated for men and women separately with the direct standardisation method and with the most recent census data (1999) for the French population as the reference (five-year age groups).…”

Section: Data On Dispensing Of Anxiolytics and Hypnoticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiolytics and hypnotics (AX-HY) are the most commonly used psychotropic drugs in Europe in general and especially in France, where the annual prevalence rate of its use in 2000 (19%) was nearly double that the average of other European countries (10%) [1][2][3]. In France, these drugs are mainly prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) [4] and are often prescribed or used inappropriately: treatment often does not match the patient's actual diagnosis [3], and the length of treatment often exceeds recommended durations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In France, these drugs are mainly prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) [4] and are often prescribed or used inappropriately: treatment often does not match the patient's actual diagnosis [3], and the length of treatment often exceeds recommended durations. Indeed, about 5% of the French population uses AX-HY chronically [3,5]. These reports are particularly worrisome since benzodiazepines may cause dependence and side effects [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispensing of anxiolytics and hypnotics in southeastern France: demographic factors and determinants of geographic variations

Bocquier

Bezzou

Nauleau³

et al. 2008

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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We examined geographic variations in the dispensing of anxiolytics and hypnotics (AX‐HY) and their determinants at the canton level in southeastern France. Data were collected from the 2005 outpatient database of the Southeastern France General Health Insurance Fund, covering more than 70% of the population. We calculated the annual age‐adjusted prevalence rates of subjects filling prescriptions for AX‐HY at least once (to measure ‘overall use’) and at least six times (‘chronic use’), assessed geographic variations with the extremal quotient and weighted coefficient of variation, and conducted simple and multiple linear regression analysis to study their determinants. Prevalence rates of overall and chronic AX‐HY use were 15.5% and 5.9%, respectively, and varied significantly between cantons, by a factor of 3–4. The prevalence of mental illness and that of chronic illness were independently and positively associated with overall and chronic use; unemployment rates and mean family income were positively associated only with overall use. Density of general practitioners did not explain geographic variations. These results provide a basis for targeting interventions to reduce AX‐HY use and promoting appropriate discontinuation. Future studies should examine trends in those geographic variations.

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Section: Data On Dispensing Of Anxiolytics and Hypnoticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispensing of anxiolytics and hypnotics in southeastern France: demographic factors and determinants of geographic variations

Bocquier

Bezzou

Nauleau³

et al. 2008

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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“…For example, in France the prescription of antidepressants grew sevenfold between 1980(Amar and Balsan 2004. In 2001, 6 % of the French population was medicated with antidepressants (Gasquet et al 2005) and the most consumed molecules were fluoxetine, paroxetine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, and venlafaxine (Olié et al 2002;ANSM 2012). The increasing consumption of drugs is likely to result in the presence of higher concentrations in the environment, and to a more likely occurrence of toxic effects on aquatic organisms (reviewed in Fent et al 2006;Ankley et al 2007;Minagh et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the sensitivity of seven marine and freshwater bioassays as regards antidepressant toxicity assessment

et al. 2014

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The hazards linked to pharmaceutical residues like antidepressants are currently a major concern of ecotoxicology because they may have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Our study assesses the ecotoxicity of three antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline and clomipramine) using a battery of marine and freshwater species representing different trophic levels, and compares the bioassay sensitivity levels. We selected the following bioassays: the algal growth inhibition test (Skeletonema marinoi and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), the microcrustacean immobilization test (Artemia salina and Daphnia magna), development and adult survival tests on Hydra attenuata, embryotoxicity and metamorphosis tests on Crassostrea gigas, and in vitro assays on primary cultures of Haliotis tuberculata hemocytes. The results showed high inter-species variability in EC50-values ranging from 43 to 15,600 µg/L for fluoxetine, from 67 to 4,400 µg/L for sertraline, and from 4.70 µg/L to more than 100,000 µg/L for clomipramine. Algae (S. marinoi and P. subcapitata) and the embryo-larval stages of the oyster C. gigas were the most sensitive taxa. This raises an issue due to their ecological and/or economic importance. The marine crustacean A. salina was the least sensitive species. This difference in sensitivity between bioassays highlights the importance of using a test battery.

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“…A study done among general population in France, had found that 21% of subjects interviewed had taken at least one psychotropic drug during the year and 42% of users were using the drug for more than 6 months [10]. These reports reflect the phenomenon of dependency of psychoactive drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characteristics of patients using psychoactive drugs in Karachi, Pakistan

2009

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Usage des psychotropes et troubles psychiatriques en France : résultats de l’étude épidémiologique ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000/ (ESEMeD) en population générale

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Dispensing of anxiolytics and hypnotics in southeastern France: demographic factors and determinants of geographic variations

Dispensing of anxiolytics and hypnotics in southeastern France: demographic factors and determinants of geographic variations

Comparison of the sensitivity of seven marine and freshwater bioassays as regards antidepressant toxicity assessment

Characteristics of patients using psychoactive drugs in Karachi, Pakistan

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