Usage and Acceptability of HIV Self-testing in Men who have Sex with Men in Hong Kong

Wong, H.L.; Tam, Hoi Yan; Chan, David Yiu Leung; Lee, Shui Shan

doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0881-1

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the present study, the rate of HIVST uptake was 15.6%, which is lower than that in prior studies [12,20]. A decrease in HIVST uptake has also been observed in Hong Kong, likely because HIVST kits are not available for purchase over the counter [24]. In Chongqing, MSM have access to HIVST kits through e-commerce websites, hospitals, and Chongqing CDC offices.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Facilitators and Barriers Associated with Uptake of HIV Self-Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Liu

Wu²,

Lu³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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While studies on human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) continue to accumulate after the World Health Organization’s recommendation of HIVST as an additional approach to HIV testing services in 2016, few studies have focused on men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chinese cities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the HIVST status of MSM in Chongqing, China. MSM participants were recruited by random sampling, and qualified interviewers collected data, using confidential self-administered questionnaires. Blood specimens were collected for HIV antibody detection. The survey evaluated the uptake and accuracy of HIVST kits and identified factors that may be associated with HIVST. The proportion of HIVST uptake was 15.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of HIVST were 74.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.6%–80.7%) and 99.0% (95% CI 96.9%–99.7%), respectively. The consistency between the HIVST kit and antibody detection results was 90.5% (95% CI 87.5%–93.0%), and the Kappa value was 0.777 (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value of self-testing kits is 80.9% and the negative predictive value is 17.7%. Having been tested ≥2 times in the last year, higher educational levels, and higher scores of basic HIV/AIDS knowledge facilitated higher uptake of HIVST. Self-reported existing barriers for HIVST uptake included older age, marital status, and having resided in Chongqing for more than two years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Facilitators and Barriers Associated with Uptake of HIV Self-Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Liu

Wu²,

Lu³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Globally, quality concerns about self-test kits sold over-the-counter have been expressed not only by self-test takers, but also by public health experts and policymakers [18]. In China, and specifically among MSM, several studies have found accuracy of HIV self-test kits to be a major concern [16, 17, 20, 28–30]. This lack of trust may be severely limiting the HIV self-testing uptake, and perhaps subsequent linkage to HIV care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire was adapted from that of a recent study by Wong and colleagues [20]. It was modified for the present study and then piloted among 110 MSM selected by convenience sampling methods from QQ, a popular Chinese instant messaging software service.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV care-seeking behaviour after HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study

Ren

et al. 2017

Infect Dis Poverty

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BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) has become the group with the fastest growing HIV epidemic in China. Since many Chinese MSM are conducting HIV self-testing, we aimed to determine the rate of HIV care seeking after self-testing, examine characteristics of “seekers” compared to “non-seekers,” and explore factors associated with HIV care-seeking behaviour.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used and an online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016, among users of a popular Chinese gay networking smart phone application. Chi-square test was used to compare characteristics of those who sought HIV care (“seekers”) and those who did not (“non-seekers”). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with HIV care seeking.ResultsAmong 21,785 screened, 2383 participants (10.9%) were included in the study. A total of 380 participants (15.9%) reported seeking HIV care after HIV self-testing while 2003 (84.1%) did not. Lack of knowledge of the “window period” (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.47–0.97, P = 0.04) was associated with reduced odds of seeking HIV care, while lower monthly income (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03–1.62, P = 0.03) and obtaining HIV self-testing kits from health facilities (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.81–3.17, P < 0.001), and non-governmental organizations (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.79–3.34, P < 0.001) was associated with increased odds of seeking HIV care. Among those who sought HIV care, a large majority (92.4%) had non-reactive HIV self-testing results. Only 29 out of 265 with reactive, uncertain, or unknown results sought HIV care.ConclusionsWe found a very low rate of HIV care seeking among our sample of urban Chinese MSM. The observation that most with reactive, uncertain, or unknown results did not seek HIV care is a cause for concern. These people should be paid more attention and helped to enter the care cascade. Our findings highlight that interventions aimed at improving linkage to care after HIV self-testing are urgently needed. However, further study is required to inform the design and implementation of future interventions aiming to encourage HIV care-seeking behaviour.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0326-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In general studies, which seek to understand how populations might accept HIVST (25) and Mexico (26) report that MSM find HIVST highly acceptable, with moderate acceptability observed in Hong Kong (27). In a recent cross-sectional study in England, HIVST was the second most preferred location for future HIV testing and tended to have greater popularity amongst MSM less likely to test at a frequency in line with national guidelines (28).…”

Section: Understanding Implementation Contexts: Values and Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New initiatives to develop self-testing for HIV

Witzel

Rodger

2017

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of the review: The purpose is to describe the most recent literature associated with HIV self -testing (HIVST). Recent findings:HIVST is acceptable to a range of populations in a variety of contexts, particularly if users values and preferences are taken into account in intervention development. Approaches being explored in on-going and planned studies are the efficacy of HIVST to increase diagnosis of longstanding prevalent infections and to reduce the interval between HIV transmission and diagnosis, particularly in high incidence groups. Though there is little evidence of harms related to HIVST, this remains a potential issue. Concerns remain about the reliability of currently available HIVST kits, which have lower sensitivity than testing options available in clinical settings, particularly in early HIV infection. Evidence on linkage to care for confirmatory testing after a reactive HIVST result and the cost effectiveness of HIVST to increase rates of HIV diagnosis is currently limited. Summary:HIVST is relatively new innovation that appears acceptible to key populations and which could increase HIV testing rates and rates of HIV diagnosis especially in at-risk groups. Concerns

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Usage and Acceptability of HIV Self-testing in Men who have Sex with Men in Hong Kong

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Facilitators and Barriers Associated with Uptake of HIV Self-Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Facilitators and Barriers Associated with Uptake of HIV Self-Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

HIV care-seeking behaviour after HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study

New initiatives to develop self-testing for HIV

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