Integrating the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) into supply chain management enables flexible and efficient on-demand exchange of goods between merchants and suppliers. However, realizing a fair and transparent supply chain system remains a very challenging issue due to the lack of mutual trust among the suppliers and merchants. Furthermore, the current system often lacks the ability to transmit trade information to all participants in a timely manner, which is the most important element in supply chain management for the effective supply of goods between suppliers and the merchants. This thesis presents a blockchain-based supply chain management system in the IIoT. The proposed system takes advantage of blockchain technology in terms of its transparency and tamper-proof nature to support fair goods exchange between merchants and suppliers. Additionally, the decentralization and pseudonymity property will play a significant role in preserving the privacy of participants in the blockchain. In particular, fairness in the IIoT is first defined. Then, a design for a smart contract for fair goods exchange is presented to prevent malicious behavior through imposing penalties. The proposed system was prototyped on Ethereum and experiments were conducted to demonstrate its feasibility. This is for you, Dad. Even from across the sea, I can feel your love Arriving at this stage and writing this acknowledgement was always a dream I hoped to achieve one day. In my journey towards this degree, I met many people who I have to credit for helping me to arrive at this stage, otherwise this dream would not have been achieved. I will start with an inspiration, a teacher and brother, Dr. Xiaodong Lin, who was a pillar of support and a role model for me throughout my journey. He always believed in me and gave me this opportunity. Furthermore, he has always been there at all times providing his heartfelt help and support in addition to giving me invaluable suggestions and guidance in my quest for knowledge. I shall be eternally grateful to Dr. Xiaodong Lin for his assistance. I take great pleasure extending my appreciation to my colleagues in the BBCR Group at the University of Waterloo, for all their help and support. Special thanks to Li Ming , Dongxiao Liu , Yuan Zhang and Anjia Yang whose precious friendship I will always cherish. Special thanks also go to Dr. Ilias Kotsireas and my examining committee members for the time and effort they have given, and to all my friends at Durham College, especially prof. Karl Alexander for his support. Last but not least, I would like to thank all my family who provided me with unconditional love during my academic journey here in Canada.