Usability of package and label designs using eye tracking

Kamil, Mohd Hafiz Faizal Mohamad; Jaafar, Azizah

doi:10.1109/icos.2011.6079272

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Gaze tracking is the process of locating the point of a person's gaze [15]. Applications of gaze tracking are numerous and include cognitive studies [16], medical research (ophthalmology, neurology, and related areas) [17] for diagnosing diseases such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Schizophrenia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, psychological evaluation [18], website usability [19] and advertisement studies [20], consumer product research [21], driver fatigue and drowsiness detection [22], reading studies [23], evaluation of image quality [24], learning process assessment [25], and human-computer interfaces for impaired [26].…”

Section: Overview Of Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human-Adaptive Model for User Performance and Fatigue Evaluation during Gaze-Tracking Tasks

2023

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Eye gaze interfaces are an emerging technology that allows users to control graphical user interfaces (GUIs) simply by looking at them. However, using gaze-controlled GUIs can be a demanding task, resulting in high cognitive and physical load and fatigue. To address these challenges, we propose the concept and model of an adaptive human-assistive human–computer interface (HA-HCI) based on biofeedback. This model enables effective and sustainable use of computer GUIs controlled by physiological signals such as gaze data. The proposed model allows for analytical human performance monitoring and evaluation during human–computer interaction processes based on the damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) model. To test the validity of this model, the authors acquired gaze-tracking data from 12 healthy volunteers playing a gaze-controlled computer game and analyzed it using odd–even statistical analysis. The experimental findings show that the proposed model effectively describes and explains gaze-tracking performance dynamics, including subject variability in performance of GUI control tasks, long-term fatigue, and training effects, as well as short-term recovery of user performance during gaze-tracking-based control tasks. We also analyze the existing HCI and human performance models and develop an extension to the existing physiological models that allows for the development of adaptive user-performance-aware interfaces. The proposed HA-HCI model describes the interaction between a human and a physiological computing system (PCS) from the user performance perspective, incorporating a performance evaluation procedure that interacts with the standard UI components of the PCS and describes how the system should react to loss of productivity (performance). We further demonstrate the applicability of the HA-HCI model by designing an eye-controlled game. We also develop an analytical user performance model based on damped harmonic oscillation that is suitable for describing variability in performance of a PC game based on gaze tracking. The model’s validity is tested using odd–even analysis, which demonstrates strong positive correlation. Individual characteristics of users established by the damped oscillation model can be used for categorization of players under their playing skills and abilities. The experimental findings suggest that players can be categorized as learners, whose damping factor is negative, and fatiguers, whose damping factor is positive. We find a strong positive correlation between amplitude and damping factor, indicating that good starters usually have higher fatigue rates, but slow starters have less fatigue and may even improve their performance during play. The proposed HA-HCI model and analytical user performance models provide a framework for developing an adaptive human-oriented HCI that enables monitoring, analysis, and increased performance of users working with physiological-computing-based user interfaces. The proposed models have potential applications in improving the usability of future human-assistive gaze-controlled interface systems.

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Section: Overview Of Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human-Adaptive Model for User Performance and Fatigue Evaluation during Gaze-Tracking Tasks

2023

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“…At present, it is not known if/how the different indentations that one can find nowadays on product packaging influence the way in which a consumer looks at, and grasps, a given product ( Pieters and Warlop, 1999 ; Pieters, 2008 ; Kamil and Jaafar, 2011 ; Tonkin et al, 2011 ). Therefore, two experiments were designed in order to investigate how people grasp and visually inspect novel objects resembling product packaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hand grasps the center, while the eyes saccade to the top of novel objects

et al. 2015

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In the present study, we investigated whether indenting the sides of novel objects (e.g., product packaging) would influence where people grasp, and hence focus their gaze, under the assumption that gaze precedes grasping. In Experiment 1, the participants grasped a selection of custom-made objects designed to resemble typical packaging forms with an indentation in the upper, middle, or lower part. In Experiment 2, eye movements were recorded while the participants viewed differently-sized (small, medium, and large) objects with the same three indentation positions tested in Experiment 1, together with a control object lacking any indentation. The results revealed that irrespective of the location of the indentation, the participants tended to grasp the mid-region of the object, with their index finger always positioned slightly above its midpoint. Importantly, the first visual fixation tended to fall in the cap region of the novel object. The participants also fixated for longer in this region. Furthermore, participants saccaded more often, as well saccading more rapidly when directing their gaze to the upper region of the objects that they were required to inspect visually. Taken together, these results therefore suggest that different spatial locations on target objects are of interest to our eyes and hands.

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Preliminary Study of Eye Tracking Evaluation on Product Label Design

Kamil

Jaafar

2013

Advances in Visual Informatics

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Usability of package and label designs using eye tracking

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

A Human-Adaptive Model for User Performance and Fatigue Evaluation during Gaze-Tracking Tasks

A Human-Adaptive Model for User Performance and Fatigue Evaluation during Gaze-Tracking Tasks

The hand grasps the center, while the eyes saccade to the top of novel objects

Preliminary Study of Eye Tracking Evaluation on Product Label Design

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