Usability of normal force distribution measurements to evaluate asymmetrical loading of the back of the horse and different rider positions on a standing horse

Cocq, P. de; Clayton, Hilary M.; Terada, Kazunori; Müller, M.; Leeuwen, J.L. van

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.03.002

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The style of riding and the rider´s movements have influence on the saddle pressure pattern (de Cocq et al 2009, Peham et al 2010. The analysis of the saddle force of six selected sections on the horse's back showed a clear association between the rider's and horse's movements (von Peinen et al 2009).…”

Section: Interaction Between the Horse And Its Ridermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Repetitive patterns of pressure act on the horse's back that increase simultaneously with the increase in momentum, weight, and instability of the rider (Wesley 2006). Permanent incorrect rider's posture, state of tension, and instability of the rider may harm the horse and lead to various diseases and disorders of the muscular skeletal system (de Cocq et al 2009). Therefore, when comparing results of individual studies it is important to consider whether horses were measured ridden by their usual rider (Früwirth et al 2004, Harmann 1994, Mönkemöller et al 2005, Nyikos et al 2005 or if an independent rider was used for the entire study population (Kotschwar et al 2010a und b, Latif et al 2010, Meschan et al 2007, Peham et al 2008.…”

Section: Interaction Between the Horse And Its Ridermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases the mat was divided into two distinct halves, left and right , Janura et al 2010, Peham et al 2010, Winkelmayr et al 2006. These halves were further divided into two transverse halves during evaluation of pressures (Byström et al 2010, de Cocq et al 2006, de Cocq et al 2009, Geutjens et al 2008 or three (front, mid, hind) parts (Latif et al 2010, von Peinen et al 2009). …”

Section: Dividing the Measured Area Measured Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is susceptible to "biological noise" (horse) and operator-induced errors (Pullin et al 1996). The Pliance system was found to be valid and reliable for measuring forces but only when the measurement device was not replaced (de Cocq et al 2009). Werner et al (2002) reported that the Pliance system was suitable for assessing the weight bearing surface and the pressure distribution under the saddle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of pressure measurement on the contact surface between the horse and the rider

Janura¹,

Cabell²,

Svoboda³

et al. 2012

PHK

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4 SummaryThe use of systems for pressure measurement between the rider's body and the back of the horse is a relatively new procedure. The size and transfer of the load inside the horse-pad-saddle-rider system can be assessed in various ways. This paper provides a review of literature published from 1994 to 2010 that discusses using pressure mapping systems for measuring the contact load between the horse and its rider. Literature was obtained using common scientific databases such as Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed entering the key words: "horse", "pressure", and "back". The first published studies aimed to verify sensor parameters and to minimize animal-and operator-induced errors. In order to obtain valid and reliable data, it is important to perform pressure measurements under highly standardized conditions. Moreover using properly established guidelines for calibrating and placing sensors is crucial for receiving valid data. Subsequent studies focused on the influence of various types of saddles, pads, blankets and adjustments of saddle fit on the loading of the horse's back. Results of these studies showed that using pressure mapping systems provide a useful evaluation of the load applied to the area of contact between the horse and rider. A properly fitted saddle with a pad can serve as a shock absorber. Literature findings suggest that improving the fit of a saddle by using a saddle pad needs to be individually adapted for each horse and rider. Considering the current status of literature on the use of pressure mapping systems in horseback riding future research should concentrate on using data obtained by biomechanical modelling of contact surfaces, including their interactions; on determining a "normal pattern" of pressure distribution on the equine back; and on finding a way to include individual parameters of the horse and its rider into the overall assessment.

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Section: Interaction Between the Horse And Its Ridermentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Interaction Between the Horse And Its Ridermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dividing the Measured Area Measured Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of pressure measurement on the contact surface between the horse and the rider

Janura¹,

Cabell²,

Svoboda³

et al. 2012

PHK

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show abstract

“…Several authors have garnered valid information for horse equipment design and fit Byström et al, 2010;Fruehwirth et al, 2004;Hofmann et al, 2006;Kotschwar et al, 2010;Latif et al, 2010;Meschan et al, 2007;Monkemoller et al, 2005;Nyikos et al, 2005;von Peinen et al, 2010;Werner et al, 2002;Winkelmayr et al, 2006). More recently, attempts have been made to use this technology to measure changes in pressure on the horse's back from the rider's seat and legs (Belock et al, 2012;Byström et al, 2009;Byström et al, 2010;Clayton et al, 2013;de Cocq et al, 2008;de Cocq et al, 2009;de Cocq et al, 2010a, de Cocq et al, 2010b, Geutjens et al, 2008Nevison et al, 2011;Nevison and Timmis, 2013;Peham, 2008;Peham et al, 2004;von Peinen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pressure-sensing Instruments For Use Under Rider And/or Saddlementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

Pierard

Hall

Borstel

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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Within the emerging discipline of Equitation Science the application of consistent methodology, including robust objective measures, is required for sound scientific evaluation. This report aims to provide an evaluation of current methodology and to propose some initial guidelines for future research. The value of research, especially that involving small sample sizes, can be enhanced by the application of consistent methodology and reporting enabling results to be compared across studies. This paper includes guidelines for experimental design in studies involving the ridden horse. Equine ethograms currently used are reviewed and factors to be considered in the development of a riddenhorse ethogram are evaluated. An assessment of methods used to collect behavioral and physiological data is included and the use of equipment for measurements (e.g., rein-tension and pressure-sensing instruments) is discussed. Equitation science is a new discipline, subject to evolving viewpoints on research foci and design. Technological advances may improve the accuracy and detail of measurements, but must be used within appropriate and valid experimental designs.

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Functional biomechanics: Effect of the rider and tack

Cocq¹,

Weeren²

2014

The Athletic Horse

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Usability of normal force distribution measurements to evaluate asymmetrical loading of the back of the horse and different rider positions on a standing horse

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

A review of pressure measurement on the contact surface between the horse and the rider

A review of pressure measurement on the contact surface between the horse and the rider

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

Functional biomechanics: Effect of the rider and tack

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