USA: the battle for the bars

Goold, Scott

doi:10.1136/tc.12.1.6

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This view corresponds with a key finding in psychological literature: disciplinary measures are more likely to decrease unwanted behaviours among individuals in mainstream society than in social outgroups ( Sherman, 1993 ; Duehlmeyer and Hester, 2019 ). Adolescent smokers, who increasingly belong to social outgroups, may indeed band together in attempts to circumvent the rules, subsequently leading to deviant self-labels and pro-smoking social meanings that may, in turn, promote rule breaking and smoking ( Croghan et al , 2003 ; Wakefield and Giovino, 2003 ; Schreuders et al , 2019 ). Staff’s decision to turn a blind eye on smokers who were not responsive to earlier warnings/disciplines also seems reasonable from the perspective they want to avoid creating new problems, because disciplines possibly start a vicious circle by further alienating smokers from the school environment ( D'Emidio-Caston and Brown, 1998 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators

Schreuders

Linnansaari

Lindfors

et al. 2019

Health Promotion International

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Summary Secondary schools in European countries increasingly implement comprehensive smoke-free school policies (SFSPs) that prohibit most or even all adolescents from smoking during school hours. Consistent enforcement of SFSPs is essential for realizing optimum effectiveness. A main challenge represents adolescents who persistently violate the rules. We studied how staff in European countries respond to these persistent violators and why they may turn a blind eye. We used interview transcripts from 69 staff members at 22 schools in 6 European countries to identify cases in which staff turned a blind eye. We then applied thematic analysis for identifying the considerations as to why they turn a blind eye. Turning a blind eye on persistent violators happened among school staff in all six countries. Three considerations were identified. First, staff believe their primary role and duty is to support all adolescents to develop into well-functioning adults, and sometimes it is best to accept smoking. Second, staff expect that applying stricter disciplinary measures will not stop persistent violators and is more likely to create more severe problems. Third, staff do not feel supported by relevant actors in society (e.g. parents) in influencing adolescent smoking. We conclude that staff’s considerations stress the need to support school staff in enforcing the increasingly comprehensive rules on the most persistent smokers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators

Schreuders

Linnansaari

Lindfors

et al. 2019

Health Promotion International

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“…In the case of PUP tobacco laws, they have been criticized for a number of reasons including their endorsement by tobacco companies and the low likelihood of detection among youth. 75 Nevertheless, efforts that strive to prevent and decrease tobacco use at a population-level are relevant to sustain because of the messages they may send to youth about tobacco-related harms and their benefits to society (ie, smoke-free air laws).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Levels of Influence That Impact Youth Tobacco Use

et al. 2016

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Objective Multiple levels of influence interplay to impact youth tobacco use. We work towards understanding important policy and environmental strategies that are associated with youth tobacco use behaviors. Methods We utilized data from participants of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study and linked national data from multiple sources to assess correlates of youth tobacco use behaviors across individual, family, school, community, and state-level policy influences. Results Higher cigarette prices had the strongest association with youth tobacco use behaviors. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics at the individual, familial, and community/school-levels were associated with youth tobacco use behaviors. Conclusions In the present study, we confirm that higher cigarette prices could help to reduce youth tobacco use behaviors. Several states are still lagging behind in terms of their low cigarette tax and they should enact tax policies to reduce youth tobacco use.

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“…These venues represent an opportunity for tobacco companies to link their brands and products to popular social places, thereby establishing the credibility and relevance of their products among young adults 23. While research on tobacco promotions in bars and nightclubs is limited, studies suggest the tobacco industry has increased its use of these locations as promotional venues since 1990 23 24. One well-documented strategy tobacco companies used was to sponsor social events at bars and nightclubs where cigarette samples and promotional items were distributed to encourage the initiation or progression of cigarette use 25–27.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to tobacco marketing in bars predicts subsequent use of multiple tobacco products among non-tobacco-using college students

et al. 2019

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BackgroundDue to other marketing restrictions, one venue where tobacco companies concentrate their marketing efforts to reach young adults is bars/nightclubs.ObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between exposure to tobacco marketing in bars/nightclubs and number of alternative tobacco/nicotine products used 6 months later among college students.MethodsParticipants were 1,406 students aged 18–29 years old who reported going to bars or nightclubs at least rarely (M age=21.95; 67% female; 46% non-Hispanic white). Students completed an online survey in fall 2014/spring 2015 (wave 1) and again 6 months later (wave 2). Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between exposure to three types of marketing at bars/nightclubs at wave 1 (tobacco/nicotine product advertisements; free samples; industry representatives) and number of tobacco products used (range=0–5) at wave 2, controlling for school type (2 year vs 4 year), age, sex, race/ethnicity and frequency of bar visits. An interaction between the number of wave 1 products and each marketing variable was tested.ResultsGreater exposure to free samples and tobacco industry representatives at bars/nightclubs predicted a greater number of products used 6 months later, but only among wave 1 non-tobacco users and not among tobacco users. Exposure to advertisements at bars/nightclubs did not predict the number of products used 6 months later.ConclusionTobacco companies claim that marketing is targeted to those who already use the product, not to non-users. However, the current study indicates tobacco marketing in bars and nightclubs may encourage use among non-users and has no influence on current users.

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USA: the battle for the bars

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators

Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators

Multiple Levels of Influence That Impact Youth Tobacco Use

Exposure to tobacco marketing in bars predicts subsequent use of multiple tobacco products among non-tobacco-using college students

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