The value of the interviews conducted with the formerly enslaved of America's South by the Federal Writers' Project in the 1930s can tell us much not just about antebellum enslavement but about the long-term emotional impact for families and individuals of the Civil War. They can provide a different perspective from the immediate responses to the war experience that scholars whose focus is on the refugee experience, the refugee camps, and the health crises that often accompanied freedom have relied on. Although the reliability of childhood memories has been questioned, for this article the extent to which accurate recall of enslavement in older age is compromised by chronological distance or neurological condition is less important than the ways in which in the Civil War is located within the autobiographical memory of the interviewee. What it finds is that the emotional echoes of that conflict are more complicated than we might suppose, evincing a combination of pride in personal as well as familial involvement in support of the Union, veiled critiques of enslaver behaviour during the war, and accounts of active involvement in escaping enslavement that together constructed an emancipatory narrative without the trauma and terror of an enslaved past.These are the things of which men think, who live: of their own selves and the dwelling place of their fathers; of their neighbors; of work and service; of rule and reason and women and children; of Beauty and Death and War. (W.E.B. Du Bois, Darkwater, 1920) At the relatively young age of seventy-five when she was interviewed in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the summer of 1937, Mrs Josie Jordan made it clear that she had no personal memories of the American Civil War. She arrived in the world 'right in the middle of the war' in White County, Tennessee so, as she told her interviewer, she knew nothing 'much about them slave days except what my mammy told me long years ago'. And one of the things her mother told her about was the Civil War. In response to a question from her interviewer,