US policy options toward an emerging China

Byman, Daniel; Cliff, Roger; Saunders, Phillip C.

doi:10.1080/09512749908719298

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Russia had an active biological weapons program comprising tens of facilities and thousands of researchers until at least 1992, twenty years after it signed the BWC (Zilinskas 2012). China is believed to have aided Iran's biological weapons program through the sale of sensitive dual-use equipment and vaccines since at least 1997 (Byman et al 1999). Under the BWC, member nations agree to not aid the biological weapons programs of foreign nations, thereby making China's past trade actions noncompliant with the BWC.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity for Synthetic Biology and Emerging Biotechnologies: Critical Challenges for Governance

Trump

Florin

Perkins

et al. 2021

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security

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Synthetic biology uses engineering-based modeling and building techniques to modify existing organisms and microbes or to construct them from scratch. The rate of development and research related to synthetic biology for both industry and academia has increased over the past two decades (Ahteensuu 2017), with applications in medicine (new vaccines, delivery of therapeutics, and treatments), energy (biofuels), environmental remediation, food production, and general industry (detergents, adhesives, perfumes) (Evans and Selgelid 2015; Gronvall 2015).

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity for Synthetic Biology and Emerging Biotechnologies: Critical Challenges for Governance

Trump

Florin

Perkins

et al. 2021

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security

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“…Of course, the argument can be made that engaging China and encouraging it to become part of the existing global liberal economic order was the best way of generating domestic political change in China as well. This was a powerful argument in the engagement versus containment debate (Byman, Cliff and Saunders 1999) that continued to look large in debates over China policy into the new millennium. In general, though, the collective contributions in our journal point more towards the dominance of economic pragmatism than they do an endorsement of Manchester school liberalism.…”

Section: Shadowplay: To Engage or Containmentioning

confidence: 99%