US Middle East Policy Shift: Trump’s Administration Divergency

Beck, Matthias

doi:10.22363/2312-8313-2019-6-4-296-311

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Under the Trump administration, US-Saudi relation has been enforced by the US' unilateral ambition to counter all Iranian foreign policy pillars which are anti-western, antizionist, Pan-Islamist, anti-Sunni, and Pro-resistance movement through a hardline populist stance of a conservatism leader (Beck, 2019). With the rough geopolitical road to be driven on, the Trump administration is still confident that getting out of the so-called "flawed deal of the century" can support US efforts in circumventing Iran's firm stance in inserting external Hino Samuel Jose & Laode Muhamad Fathun: US -Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration aspects as part of re-negotiation substance (Rahman, 2020).…”

Section: E-issn: 2685-7766mentioning

confidence: 99%

US – Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration

Jose

Fathun

2021

JPI

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The heated bilateral relation between Iran and the United States has brought the middle east into another level of problem. The divided geopolitical and regional interest of both countries has led to several and many multidimensional issues, ranging from political, security, and even to economic ones. This article discussed the Iran – US tension on their proxy conflict in the Middle East. This article employs the Regional Security Complex Theory to construct the events related to both states’ proxy conflicts. The polarized region for sure has drawn another line that seems to be more complexed for both countries to achieve mutual understanding and continued peacebuilding. The US withdrawal from JCPOA, killing of Soleimani, and Saudi Arabia – Iran Yemen proxy war exacerbated the status quo. This article perceived that the intertwined issues show how the traditional thought of security should be redefined as both countries try to gain bargaining power. Especially with Iran that was hindered very much by sanctions and embargo placed by the US. This article discusses many important issues on Iran, US, and Saudi Arabia involvement and their correlated dynamics within the UN. This article analyzed Trump’s leadership style in the Middle East and its implication from the proxy war to the Middle East security architecture.

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Section: E-issn: 2685-7766mentioning

confidence: 99%

US – Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration

Jose

Fathun

2021

JPI

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The U.S. Assistance to the MENA Arab Countries under the Trump Administration: The Logic of a Diff erentiated Approach

Бартенев¹

2020

jour

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This paper identifi es and explains key changes in the U.S. aid policies towards Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) under Donald Trump. It seeks to validate two widespread arguments — the one about the current administration’s revision of pivotal principles of providing foreign assistance, and the other one — about an accelerated disengagement of the United States from the MENA region since 2017. The paper consists of four sections. The fi rst section explores the transformation of the U.S. strategic thinking and regional context under the Trump administration and then posits fi ve hypotheses about possible changes in the volume and composition of the U.S. assistance to the MENA region (in comparison with the fi nal two years of the Obama administration), as well as the diff erences in the executive branch and the Congress’s positions. The second section explains particularities of the statistical data and the methods of its exploration, the third section presents the results of hypothesis testing using aggregated data on aid fl ows to the region, and the fi nal section explains these results, sometimes unexpected, using the data disaggregated by country. Three of fi ve hypotheses proved wrong based on the aggregate data. First, the Trump administration did not cut assistance to the MENA more substantially than to other regions of the globe. Second, it did not ringfence aid accounts which helped yield direct dividends to the U.S. businesses. Third, the Republican Congress was clearly less willing to support the executive’s aid chocies under a new Republican President than during the last years of a Democrat Barack Obama’s second term. Only two hypotheses proved correct — one about a prioritization of security and military assistance under Donald Trump and the other one — about disproportionate cuts of democracy promotion assistance. Such an unexpected result calls for refi ning both aforementioned arguments and taking into account the dissimilarities in the dynamics of assistance to diff erent countries. The United States tends to practice a diff erentiated approach in dealing with two largest Arab aid recipients (Egypt and Jordan) and with other Arab countries. The assistance to Cairo and Amman is ringfenced and protected, while aid to other recipients, including security assistance and FMF grants, is prone to quite drastic cuts. This diff erentiation is explained by the fact that cooperation with Egypt and Jordan rests not only on more solid strategic foundations but also on a strong support within the United States — both from the defense contractors interested in large export contracts and from an infl uential pro-Israel lobby. The U.S. will not abandon this highly diff erentiated approach after the 2020 elections but the structure of assistance to the MENA region might undergo quite a dramatic transformation.

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La politique iranienne des États-Unis : oscillations et continuité ([1900] 1977- 2020)

Pahlavi

2021

Études internationales

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US Middle East Policy Shift: Trump’s Administration Divergency

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

US – Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration

US – Iran Proxy War in Middle East Under Trump Administration

The U.S. Assistance to the MENA Arab Countries under the Trump Administration: The Logic of a Diff erentiated Approach

La politique iranienne des États-Unis : oscillations et continuité ([1900] 1977- 2020)

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