US energy flow, 1991

Borg, I.Y.; Briggs, C.K.

doi:10.2172/10155779

Cited by 2 publications
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“…37 The second and third columns include the efficiency values deduced from USEIA Sankey diagrams (available in SI 4) and the useful energy output for each sector. 38 The fourth and fifth columns have the exergy efficiency values for each sector and the useful energy output obtained from them. 2,5…”

Section: The Efficiency Of Us Industry and Economymentioning
confidence: 99%

“…The results of the exergy efficiency of U.S. industry can also be used to assess the efficiency of the U.S. economy, as a whole. Table includes in the first column the total energy input used by the residential and commercial, industrial and transportation sectors of the U.S. economy in 1991 . The second and third columns include the efficiency values deduced from USEIA Sankey diagrams (available in SI 4) and the useful energy output for each sector .…”

Section: The Efficiency Of Us Industry and Economymentioning
confidence: 99%

“…Table includes in the first column the total energy input used by the residential and commercial, industrial and transportation sectors of the U.S. economy in 1991 . The second and third columns include the efficiency values deduced from USEIA Sankey diagrams (available in SI 4) and the useful energy output for each sector . The fourth and fifth columns have the exergy efficiency values for each sector and the useful energy output obtained from them. , …”

Section: The Efficiency Of Us Industry and Economymentioning
confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations
Exergy Efficiency in Industry: Where Do We Stand?
Ayres
¹
,
Peiró
²
,
Villalba
³

2011
Environ. Sci. Technol.
40
0
19
0
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Efficiency is a term generally used to determine how well a system performs. However, efficiency can have different meanings and, unaccompanied by a formal definition or taken out of context, can lead to serious misconceptions. In many official publications, efficiency is calculated as the ratio of useful output to energy input. This measure reflects the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy) but does not reflect the potential for improvement. A better measure, that also reflects the second law of thermodynamics, is the ratio of the potential useful (exergy) output to the potential useful (exergy) input. We estimate second law efficiencies for the inorganic and organic chemical industries to be 29% and 35% respectively. We also estimate the efficiency of the U.S. industry sector as a whole to be 37.6%, as compared to only 7.7% for the overall U.S. economy. These figures are far lower than the "first law" figures published by the U.S. Department of Energy (80% for industry and 42.5% overall) and they imply a significant potential for improvement.
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Section: The Efficiency Of Us Industry and Economymentioning
confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation
Exergy Efficiency in Industry: Where Do We Stand?
Ayres
¹
,
Peiró
²
,
Villalba
³

2011
Environ. Sci. Technol.
40
0
19
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite
Efficiency is a term generally used to determine how well a system performs. However, efficiency can have different meanings and, unaccompanied by a formal definition or taken out of context, can lead to serious misconceptions. In many official publications, efficiency is calculated as the ratio of useful output to energy input. This measure reflects the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy) but does not reflect the potential for improvement. A better measure, that also reflects the second law of thermodynamics, is the ratio of the potential useful (exergy) output to the potential useful (exergy) input. We estimate second law efficiencies for the inorganic and organic chemical industries to be 29% and 35% respectively. We also estimate the efficiency of the U.S. industry sector as a whole to be 37.6%, as compared to only 7.7% for the overall U.S. economy. These figures are far lower than the "first law" figures published by the U.S. Department of Energy (80% for industry and 42.5% overall) and they imply a significant potential for improvement.
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Thermoacoustic Soret separation
Swift
¹
,
Geller
²

2022
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
0
0
0
0
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In a fluid mixture in a channel with an axial time-averaged temperature gradient, high-amplitude oscillating flow can greatly increase the axial flux of thermal diffusion (Soret) separation of the components of the mixture. The enhancement occurs when the oscillating lateral temperature gradient greatly exceeds the axial gradient, causing a large oscillating concentration that can be favorably time-phased with the oscillating flow. This process can occur even with a negligible pressure oscillation or with a negligible temperature response to pressure, as is the case in most liquid solutions. The thermal boundary condition imposed by realistic solids on thermoacoustic liquids is imperfect, adding mathematical complications that are absent for typical gases, for which the solid surface is temporally isothermal. Compared with gas mixtures, the high Lewis number in typical liquid solutions reduces the separation flux associated with the time-averaged temperature gradient, but it also reduces the remixing associated with the time-averaged mole-fraction gradient. For large enough channels, the second-law separation efficiency is only slightly reduced from that of steady liquid Soret separation.

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US energy flow, 1991

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Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Exergy Efficiency in Industry: Where Do We Stand?

Exergy Efficiency in Industry: Where Do We Stand?

Thermoacoustic Soret separation

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