Urrets–Zavalia syndrome following intracameral C₃F₈ injection for acute corneal hydrops

Efficacy and safety of pre-Descemet's membrane sutures for the management of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus

“…Furthermore, gas is toxic to the endothelium,21–23 even though SF6 was considered safer than C3F8. Urrets-Zavalia syndrome has been described as a complication of C3F8 injection into the anterior chamber 24. For the above reasons, injection of air was preferred in almost our cases.…”

Update and review of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome

“…Other findings of UZS were subsequently reported, including peripheral synechiae, posterior subcapsular opacity, iris ectropion, pigmentary dispersion, and glaukomflecken (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) . Other procedures shown to be associated with UZS include trabeculectomy (TREC) (5) , deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) (12)(13)(14)(15) , Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) (16)(17)(18) , cataract surgery (11,19) , goniotomy (20) , phakic intraocular lens implant (IOL) (21)(22)(23) , argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) (7) , and octafluoropropane injection (C3F8) (24) . Although the reported incidence of UZS is low, the associated visual symptoms can cause limitations in activities of daily life requiring preventative measures by ophthalmic surgeons (7,14) .…”

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome following goniotomy in a child

“…5 Strong mydriatic agents used intraoperatively or postoperatively, 1,5 intraoperative trauma to the iris, 10 direct parasympathetic nerve injury, 2,3 and transient elevation of IOP, even in the absence of pupillary block, have also been proposed as direct causes of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome. 3,9 Our patient had an acutely elevated IOP with corneal edema. There was no pupillary block, no use of dilating agents, nor any anatomic injuries that could have contributed to the development of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.…”

“…1 Initially described by Ramon Castroviejo (as reported by Urrets-Zavalia) following penetrating keratoplasty, it has since been reported following a variety of intraocular surgeries, including argon laser peripheral iridoplasty, 2 phakic intraocular lens implantations, 3,4 Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty, 5 deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, 6 trabeculectomy, 7 iatrogenic dilation in pigment dispersion syndrome, 8 and corneal hydrops treated with intracameral gas injection. 9 Other features of this phenomenon include ectropion uveae, pigment dispersion, iris atrophy, anterior subcapsular lens opacities, and secondary glaucoma. 1 The incidence of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome after keratoplasty has been reported between 2.2% and 17.7%.…”