Urothelial generation and regeneration in development, injury, and cancer

Wang, Caihong; Ross, W.T.; Mysorekar, Indira U.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.24487

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Lineage studies in mice aimed at defining S-cell progenitors during urothelial regeneration yield conflicting results. In some cases, basal cells have been identified as progenitors, but, in others, I-cells have been identified as progenitors ( Colopy et al, 2014 ; Gandhi et al, 2013 ; Mysorekar et al, 2009 ; reviewed in Balsara and Li [2017] ; Paraskevopoulou et al [2016] ; Wang et al [2017] ; Yamany et al [2014] ). A potential explanation for these disparities comes from recent fate mapping studies comparing the potential of I-cells and basal cells in a surgical model of bladder augmentation ( Schäfer et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploid Superficial Cells that Maintain the Urothelial Barrier Are Produced via Incomplete Cytokinesis and Endoreplication

et al. 2018

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SUMMARY The urothelium is an epithelia barrier lined by a luminal layer of binucleated, octoploid, superficial cells. Superficial cells are critical for production and transport of uroplakins, a family of proteins that assemble into a waterproof crystalline plaque that helps protect against infection and toxic substances. Adult urothelium is nearly quiescent, but rapidly regenerates in response to injury. Yet the mechanism by which binucleated, polyploid, superficial cells are produced remains unclear. Here, we show that superficial cells are likely to be derived from a population of binucleated intermediate cells, which are produced from mononucleated intermediate cells via incomplete cytokinesis. We show that binucleated intermediate and superficial cells increase DNA content via endoreplication, passing through S phase without entering mitosis. The urothelium can be permanently damaged by repetitive or chronic injury or disease. Identification of the mechanism by which superficial cells are produced may be important for developing strategies for urothelial repair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploid Superficial Cells that Maintain the Urothelial Barrier Are Produced via Incomplete Cytokinesis and Endoreplication

et al. 2018

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“…The remaining eggs (that fail to traverse) cause damage through chronic inflammation by their interaction with host immune cells and subsequent granuloma formation ( 53 ). The bladder urothelium consists of multiple layers of different cell types, which, in response to injury, dramatically increase their otherwise slow turnover rate [reviewed in ( 54 )]. Combining these observations for S. haematobium infection and urothelial regeneration leads to the hypothesis that infection-induced damage and chronic inflammation in the urothelium contribute heavily to the development of bladder cancer ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Schistosomal Bladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with S. mansoni soluble egg antigen resulted in upregulation of VEGF ( 34 ), consistent with the observation of perturbation in the VEGF pathway following mouse bladder wall injection of S. haematobium eggs, as well as the observation of increased vascularization in the genital mucosa of women infected with S. haematobium compared to uninfected individuals ( 61 ). Given that IPSE increases cell proliferation, upcoming studies identifying its host gene targets may find that it modulates VEGF expression and genes in other pathways, such as Hedgehog (Hh) and Wingless (Wnt) pathways, which also play a role in cell proliferation ( 54 ).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Schistosomal Bladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Related Bladder Cancer: An Update

Ishida

Hsieh

2018

Front. Med.

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Infection with Schistosoma haematobium leads to urogenital schistosomiasis, which has been correlated with the occurrence of bladder cancer. However, mechanisms responsible for this association have not yet been clearly identified. In this short review, we provide an update, highlighting the most recent studies on schistosome-associated bladder cancer, including those that focus on identifying changes in host biology during S. haematobium infection, as well as studies for the identification of potentially pro-carcinogenic parasite molecules, and we offer a discussion on some possible mechanisms driving schistosomal bladder cancer.

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“…These aggregate to produce crystalline plaques on the surface of the bladder lumen [13,14]. Proliferation is a response by the urothelium toward any injury of the superficial layer to restore the urine-blood barrier [15,16]. The damaged bladder urothelium is the main factor in the IC/BPS-associated crippled barrier function that results in bladder pain during urine storage [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Adult and Pluripotent Stem Cells in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Therapy: Methods and Perspectives

Dayem

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

JCM

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Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic disease without definite etiology characterized by bladder-related pelvic pain. IC/BPS is associated with pain that negatively affects the quality of life. There are various therapeutic approaches against IC/BPS. However, no efficient therapeutic agent against IC/BPS has been discovered yet. Urothelium dysfunction is one of the key factors of IC/BPS-related pathogenicity. Stem cells, including adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs), possess the abilities of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into various cell types, including urothelial and other bladder cells. Therefore, stem cells are considered robust candidates for bladder regeneration. This review provides a brief overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IC/BPS as well as a summary of ASCs and PSCs. The potential of ASCs and PSCs in bladder regeneration via differentiation into bladder cells or direct transplantation into the bladder and the possible applications in IC/BPS therapy are described in detail. A better understanding of current studies on stem cells and bladder regeneration will allow further improvement in the approaches of stem cell applications for highly efficient IC/BPS therapy.

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Urothelial generation and regeneration in development, injury, and cancer

Cited by 46 publications

References 91 publications

Polyploid Superficial Cells that Maintain the Urothelial Barrier Are Produced via Incomplete Cytokinesis and Endoreplication

Polyploid Superficial Cells that Maintain the Urothelial Barrier Are Produced via Incomplete Cytokinesis and Endoreplication

Understanding Urogenital Schistosomiasis-Related Bladder Cancer: An Update

Application of Adult and Pluripotent Stem Cells in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Therapy: Methods and Perspectives

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