A 79-year-old man in generally good health was initially seen in consultation in December 1999. He had a 5-year history of low-grade Ta bladder tumors. He then developed right flank pain. His urologist performed a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis and right hydronephrosis was found. A retrograde scan indicated two small filling defects in the mid and lower ureter. A double-J stent placed after a diagnostic ureteroscopy identified two papillary tumors. His left upper tract was normal and his bladder was free of tumor at that time.The patient's history was pertinent for gastric cancer treated several years earlier with surgery and chemotherapy. There had been no recurrence. His physical examination findings were normal, and he had never smoked cigarettes. A subsequent ureteroscopy showed significant reaction in the ureter. Several papillary tumors were identified. A nephroureterectomy was performed in February 2000. Pathologic analysis revealed low-grade Ta tumors in the lower ureter and low and focal high-grade urothelial cancer in the renal pelvis and calyces. The highgrade tumor extended into the muscularis of the upper ureter and the fat. Surgical margins were free. No adjuvant therapy was given. During the subsequent 7 years he has had papillary tumors of the bladder, mostly low-grade Ta, but recently he has had high-grade Ta tumors treated by endoscopic resection and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). He has had three 6-week courses of BCG over the intervening years. Now, however, he has papillary tumors in the very distal left ureter and a papillary lesion in the upper pole infundibulum of the solitary left kidney.A biopsy of the renal lesion revealed a papillary low and focally high-grade tumor without obvious invasion. The patient has a creatinine level of 1.8. He has no acute cardiac or respiratory complaints.