Urothelial Carcinoma With Orbital Metastasis

A report of orbital metastasis from a urinary bladder adenocarcinoma

“…[127] Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a common urinary bladder malignancy of which, 10%-15% are invasive. [4567] Of the invasive TCC, around 50% cause distant metastasis to the common sites such as lymph nodes, lungs, bones and rarely to orbit, via the Batson valveless venous plexus. [79] Urinary bladder adenocarcinoma is the third most common histological variant accounting for 0.5%-2.0% of all urinary bladder carcinomas.…”

“…The orbital metastasis of urinary bladder carcinoma is rare and occurs late in the disease process. [456] Additionally, the delayed diagnosis imposes a greater management challenge which is frequently associated with a poorer prognosis. [17] Moreover, the trivial systemic symptoms of the patients often get missed, adding to this perplexing scenario.…”

“…[17] Moreover, the trivial systemic symptoms of the patients often get missed, adding to this perplexing scenario. [4567] This necessitates a detailed clinical history, thorough local and systemic examination with radiological support, specifically in elderly, presenting with acute onset of orbital features.…”

Clinical Reasoning: A 59-year-old man with multifocal strokes, then subsequent painful eye movements and diplopia

“…4 There are fewer than 25 cases of urothelial carcinoma metastatic to the orbit reported in the literature; they usually present with a known cancer history that has been treated with chemotherapy or radiation. [5][6][7][8] This case of urothelial carcinoma with orbital metastasis presenting with an unknown primary neoplasm is very rare. In most published cases, the longest duration of time between diagnosis and urothelial orbital metastasis was 4 years, and those patients died within 6 months.…”

Choroidal and Cutaneous Metastasis from Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder after Radical Cystectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…Bladder cancer has variable metastatic potential and the most common metastatic sites are the lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and bones [2]. However, orbital metastasis of bladder cancer is extremely rare with fewer than 25 cases reported, only 5 of which showed metastasis in the choroid [3–7]. In addition, cutaneous metastasis of bladder cancer is also quite uncommon [8].…”