Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Fimbrial Adhesins Virulome

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank second among infectious diseases around the world, and this makes them significant. There are many microbial agents which may cause UTIs. Enterobacteriaceae family members are recognized as important UTI bacterial causative agents. Among them, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pathotypes are considered as the most important bacterial agents of UTIs. Today, genomics and bioinformatics explain us why UPEC strains are so considerable pathogens regarding UTIs. There is a diversity of E. coli strains involving commensal and pathogenic strains. Genomics shows that commensal strains of E. coli encompass the minimal amount of genome and genetic elements among E. coli populations, whereas the pathotypes of E. coli possess the maximal or a big portion of genomic elements. Previous studies confirm the presence of a vast range of virulence genes within the pool of E. coli pathotypes like UPEC. So, the pool of virulence genes (virulome) belonging to UPEC enables UPEC pathotypes to have huge genomes with the ability of different levels of pathogenesis. The more virulence factors, the more pathogenicity. Due to the presence of a mass of virulence factors within UPEC cellular structures, well-known fimbrial adhesins in UPEC pathotypes are discussed in this chapter.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) or genital tract infections (GTIs)? It's the diagnostics that count

“…1) and Table 2 (Tab. 2) [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 42 ], [ 50 ], [ 51 ], [ 52 ], [ 53 ], [ 54 ], [ 55 ], [ 56 ], [ 57 ], [ 58 ], [ 59 ], [ 60 ], [ 61 ], [ 62 ], [ 63 ], [ 64 ], [ 65 ], [ 66 ], [ 67 ], [ 68 ].…”

“…16s rRNA sequencing technology can provide a complete microbial pattern of the patient’s UGT microbiota. Thus, the patient’s anamnesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic characteristics and application of appropriate diagnostic methods enable reliable detection and identification necessary for definite, appropriate treatment [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 12 ], [ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 24 ], [ 30 ], [ 44 ], [ 45 ], [ 69 ], [ 70 ], [ 71 ].…”

“…In toto, the determination of microbial patterns to detect and identify microbial causative agents of UGTIs will be unavoidable in the near future. Thus, microbial biomarkers are our new options to provid high quality detection and identification of UGTIs [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 45 ], [ 68 ], [ 69 ], [ 70 ], [ 71 ].…”

“…There are different types of microbial pathogens, such as Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., uropathogenic Escherichia coli [UPEC]), Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus saprophyticus ) and yeasts (e.g., Candida albicans ), which may cause UTIs in their hosts. Urogenital tract infections (UGTIs) include the prevalent infectious diseases of the genital tract, urinary tract and sexually transmitted urogenital tract infections (ST-UTIs), which have become a major concern in public health systems [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ], [ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ].…”

Reciprocal Cooperation of Type A Procyanidin and Nitrofurantoin Against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) UPEC: A pH-Dependent Study

“…Adhesins are the portal of entry for UPEC to invade and persist in the dynamic host environment (Mulvey, 2002 ). They play an important role in the establishment of various virulence pathways, including biofilm formation (Behzadi, 2018 ). The antibiofilm activity of TAP can be attributed to the downregulation of the majority of the adhesins.…”