Urology pertinent neuroendocrine tumors: focusing on renal pelvis, bladder, prostate located sympathetic functional paragangliomas

Abstract

About urology pertinent neuroendocrine tumors, the literature has been enriched, in the last decade, with intriguing contributions concerning the urinary tract sympathetic paragangliomas, particularly renal pelvis, bladder, prostate or periprostatic locations. ParagangliomasParagangliomas,as neuroendocrine tumors arising from embryonic neural crest cells of either sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia -groups of cells near nervous system-derived respective ganglia -may be of two types, functional (sympathetic chromaffin paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas), as catecholamine-secreting tumors, hence appearing with typical symptoms such as paroxysmal hypertension,heart palpitations, headache attacks, sweating or, instead, parasympathetic non-functional neoplasias as lacking in chromaffin cells (1-5).Sympathetic functional paragangliomas -outside adrenal gland chromaffin cell-derived neoplasias -are commonly found in the abdomen, within shaped paraganglia, along the aorta lenght, also including the area between renal arteries and aortic-iliac bifurcation, besides the so-called or- Chir Vol. 37 -n. 2 -pp. 55-60 March-April 2016 Urology pertinent neuroendocrine tumors: focusing on renal pelvis, bladder, prostate located sympathetic functional paragangliomas C. ALBERTI editorial article SUMMARY: Urology pertinent neuroendocrine tumors: focusing on renal pelvis, bladder, prostate located sympathetic functional paragangliomas.

Investigation of a renal mass: Diagnosing renal paraganglioma

“… 3 Sympathetic paragangliomas of the kidney are extremely rare and the mechanism by which they develop in the kidney is unknown. 4 The may occur in the hilum (32%), upper pole (26%) or lower pole (42%) of the kidney. 5 …”

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Female Genitourinary Tract: A Comprehensive Overview

“…The first case of urinary bladder paraganglioma was reported in 1953 by Zimmerman et al [77]. Bladder paragangliomas account for 0.05-0.1% of all bladder tumors and 6% of paragangliomas [78,79]. Females are three times more commonly affected than males [80].…”

“…The tumor can be contracted through transurethral or open/laparoscopic radical or partial cystectomy in conjunction with lymph node dissection [78,99]. Adjuvant radiation therapy can provide better survival for individuals enduring malignant tumors [79]. Table 6.…”