Urologic Diseases in America Project: Analytical Methods and Principal Findings

Litwin, Mark S.; Saigal, Christopher S.; Yano, Elizabeth M.; Avila, C.M. Fernandez; Geschwind, Sandy A.; Hanley, Jan M.; Joyce, Geoffrey F.; Madison, Roger D.; Pace, Jennifer E.; Polich, Suzanne; Wang, Mingming

doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000152365.43125.3b

Cited by 211 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…The costs associated have reached a staggering $2.4 billion a year with 4.5 to 6.8 million cases reported (Litwin et al, 2005;Foxman and Brown, 2003). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are primarily responsible for these infections in humans (Hooton and Stamm, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagella allow uropathogenic Escherichia coli ascension into murine kidneys

Schwan

2008

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause bladder and kidney infections in human and mice. UPEC initiate many kidney infections by ascending out of infected bladders, but how this occurs is not well understood. To determine if the flagella were responsible for the ascension of UPEC to the kidneys, a fliC mutation in strain NU149 was created. The fliC mutant spread poorly on soft agar plates, and 12 hours post-inoculation of murine urinary tracts, ascension into the murine kidneys was compromised in this mutant strain compared to wild-type bacteria. Complementation of the mutation restored the ability to spread on soft agar plates and ascend into the murine kidneys. To confirm the fliC mutant results, an anti-flagella monoclonal antibody that has been previously described inhibited the spread of UPEC strain NU149 on soft agar plates. When the anti-flagella antibody was mixed with strain NU149 cells and the antibody-treated bacterial cells used to infect mice, significantly fewer mice had kidney infections than mice that were injected with strain NU149 cells mixed with normal mouse serum or anti-type 1 pili antibody. These results suggest E. coli flagella may be of importance in allowing the bacteria to ascend from the bladder and initiate kidney infections in humans, and the use of an antibody against the flagella could prevent the spread of UPEC into the kidneys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagella allow uropathogenic Escherichia coli ascension into murine kidneys

Schwan

2008

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…1,2 Although UTI can be treated with antibiotics, a significant number of patients are prone to recurrent UTI. Recurrent UTI, which is often resistant to antibiotic therapy, causes medical challenges particularly in pediatric or immunocompromised patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Uropathogenic E. coli infection provokes epigenetic downregulation of CDKN2A (p16INK4A) in uroepithelial cells

Tölg

Sabha

Cortese

et al. 2011

Laboratory Investigation

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Host cell and bacterial factors determine severity and duration of infections. To allow for bacteria pathogenicity and persistence, bacteria have developed mechanisms that modify expression of host genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, differentiation and the immune response. Recently, Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach has been correlated with epigenetic changes in the host genome. To identify epigenetic changes during Escherichia coli induced urinary tract infection (UTI), we developed an in vitro model of persistent infection of human uroepithelial cells with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), resulting in intracellular bacteria colonies. Cells inoculated with FimH-negative E. coli (N-UPEC) that are not internalized and non-inoculated cells were used as controls. UPEC infection significantly induced de novo methyltransferase (DNMT) activity (12.5-fold P ¼ 0.002 UPEC vs non-inoculated and 250-fold P ¼ 0.001 UPEC vs N-UPEC inoculated cells) and Dnmt1 RNA expression (6-fold P ¼ 0.04 UPEC vs non-inoculated cells) compared with controls. DNMT1 protein levels were significantly increased in three uroepithelial cell lines (5637, J82, HT-1197) in response to UPEC infection as demonstrated by confocal analysis. Real-time PCR analysis of candidate genes previously associated with bacteria infection and/or innate immunity, revealed UPEC-induced downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A (3.3-fold P ¼ 0.007 UPEC vs non-inoculated and 3.3-fold P ¼ 0.001 UPEC vs N-UPEC) and the DNA repair gene MGMT (9-fold P ¼ 0.03 UPEC vs non-inoculated). Expression of CDH1, MLH1, DAPK1 and TLR4 was not affected. Pyrosequencing of CDKN2A and MGMT CpG islands revealed increased methylation in CDKN2A exon 1 (3.8-fold P ¼ 0.04 UPEC vs N-UPEC and UPEC vs non-inoculated). Methylation of MGMT was not affected. UPEC-induced methylation of CDKN2A exon 1 may increase bladder cancer and presage UTI risk, and be useful as a biological marker for UTI susceptibility or recurrence.

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“…The Urine samples were collected applying Midstream clean catch method and cultured in blood agar and EMB medium using standard loop then incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Also, this research utilizes standard E. coli PTCC 1399 provided in health education and research center in Isfahan as the control [22].…”

Section: Patients and Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antibacterial Effects of Zno Nanoparticles on Patients with Urinary Tract Infection Isolated From Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran

Torabi

2017

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a kind of disease in kidneys that often caused by Escherichia coli bacteria, especially in women. Objectives: We studied the antibacterial effects of ZnO nanoparticles On patients with urinary tract infection that isolated from Alzahra hospital in Isfahan, Iran. It is hoped that by the research community's attention to this great problem of multi drug resistance E. coli treatment by ZnO NPs. Methods: In this experimental study, urine samples of multi drug resistance E. coli bacteria, Also colloidal ZnO nanoparticles prepared in size 20 nm, spherical shape and a concentration of 200 ppm were used .The methods of research were wells and disk agar diffusion in nutriant agar & LB medium and was evaluated antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles ,then incubated for 72 hours and the diameter of inhibitory zone of growth was measured, The data were analyzed by spss 16 version software. Results: The highest resistance of E. coli to antibiotics belongs to cefazolin and cefexime. The results showed that ZnO NPs in size 20 nm and spherical shape after 72 hours at 37°C can be used to treat Urinary infections caused by E. coli, it is recommended that further research considered the effects of different infections of Urinary tract infection in In vitro condition. Conclusions: Using ZnO nanoparticles with 20 nm diameters have acceptable antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli isolated from Urinary tract infection. The current study suggests that ZnO NPs could be a good candidate for an effective antibacterial agent against E. coli.

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Urologic Diseases in America Project: Analytical Methods and Principal Findings

Abstract: Recent trends in epidemiology, practice patterns, resource utilization and costs for urological diseases have broad implications for quality of health care, access to care and the equitable allocation of scarce resources for clinical care and research.

Cited by 211 publications

References 3 publications

Flagella allow uropathogenic Escherichia coli ascension into murine kidneys

Flagella allow uropathogenic Escherichia coli ascension into murine kidneys

Uropathogenic E. coli infection provokes epigenetic downregulation of CDKN2A (p16INK4A) in uroepithelial cells

The Antibacterial Effects of Zno Nanoparticles on Patients with Urinary Tract Infection Isolated From Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran

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