Abstract:These findings indicate that high uPA and PAI-1 levels represent independent unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
“…Subsequent multivariate Cox regression analysis identified PAI-1 expression as one of the independent predictors of postsurgical survival of PDAC. These findings, which are largely consistent with those from other tumor types,[3233343536373839] suggested that PAI-1 might be a strong biomarker for long-term prognosis of PDAC. All our data support its promoting role in PDAC invasion.…”
Background:Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was previously established to impact several phenotypes in many kinds of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. However, its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) needs support of further evidence. This study was designed to address the issue.Methods:PAI-1 expression was detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 93 PDAC patients with surgical resection from September 2004 to December 2008. Its relationships with clinicopathologic variables and tumor-specific survival (TSS) were further evaluated using Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, as well as Cox regression analyses.Results:Expression of PAI-1 was much higher in tumor than that in nontumor tissues, based on comparison of all samples and 74 matched ones (95 [47.5, 180] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = −2.439, P = 0.015 and 100 [46.9, 182.5] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = −2.594, P = 0.009, respectively). In addition, tumoral PAI-1 expression was positively associated with N stage (22/35 for N1 vs. 21/51 for N0, χ2 = 3.903, P = 0.048). Univariate analyses showed that TSS of patients with high PAI-1 tumors was significantly poorer than that of those with low PAI-1 tumors (log rank value = 19.00, P < 0.0001). In multivariate Cox regression test, PAI-1 expression was identified as an independent predictor for long-term prognosis of resectable PDAC (hazard ratio = 2.559, 95% confidence interval = 1.499–4.367, P = 0.001).Conclusion:These results suggest that expression of PAI-1 is upregulated in PDAC and might serve as a poor prognostic indicator.
“…Subsequent multivariate Cox regression analysis identified PAI-1 expression as one of the independent predictors of postsurgical survival of PDAC. These findings, which are largely consistent with those from other tumor types,[3233343536373839] suggested that PAI-1 might be a strong biomarker for long-term prognosis of PDAC. All our data support its promoting role in PDAC invasion.…”
Background:Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was previously established to impact several phenotypes in many kinds of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. However, its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) needs support of further evidence. This study was designed to address the issue.Methods:PAI-1 expression was detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 93 PDAC patients with surgical resection from September 2004 to December 2008. Its relationships with clinicopathologic variables and tumor-specific survival (TSS) were further evaluated using Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, as well as Cox regression analyses.Results:Expression of PAI-1 was much higher in tumor than that in nontumor tissues, based on comparison of all samples and 74 matched ones (95 [47.5, 180] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = −2.439, P = 0.015 and 100 [46.9, 182.5] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = −2.594, P = 0.009, respectively). In addition, tumoral PAI-1 expression was positively associated with N stage (22/35 for N1 vs. 21/51 for N0, χ2 = 3.903, P = 0.048). Univariate analyses showed that TSS of patients with high PAI-1 tumors was significantly poorer than that of those with low PAI-1 tumors (log rank value = 19.00, P < 0.0001). In multivariate Cox regression test, PAI-1 expression was identified as an independent predictor for long-term prognosis of resectable PDAC (hazard ratio = 2.559, 95% confidence interval = 1.499–4.367, P = 0.001).Conclusion:These results suggest that expression of PAI-1 is upregulated in PDAC and might serve as a poor prognostic indicator.
“…The role of various components of Plasminogen activating system (PAS), especially urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), in thyroid cancer progression, metastasis, and prognosis and progression-free survival is established. Although significantly higher expression of uPA and PAI-1 ( 45 - 48 ), and uPA receptor ( 49 ) has been observed in malignant compared to benign, and in more aggressive compared to less aggressive thyroid cancers, its effect on hemostasis alteration has yet to be elucidated.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is a paucity of information on mechanisms involved in hemostatic changes in thyroid cancer and its subtypes and severities ( 29 , 39 , 43 , 45 - 49 ). Studies on changes in platelet adhesion and aggregation ( 29 ), various coagulation factors ( 39 ), components of PAS ( 45 - 49 ), endothelial functioning, and procoagulant molecules [e.g., tissue factor-positive micropeptides, cancer-derived tissue factor, cancer procoagulant, and heparanase ( 37 , 38 )] are required.…”
BackgroundThe number of studies on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and thyroid cancer is very scarce and existing data are contradictory. This paper reviews VTE in thyroid cancer.MethodsThe following words were used for a comprehensive literature review using MEDLINE database: Blood coagulation factors; thyroid hormones; blood coagulation tests; venous thromboembolism; receptors thyroid hormone; hemostasis; fibrinolysis; bleeding; blood coagulation disorders; thyroid neoplasms; Thyroid cancer, papillary; Thyroid cancer, follicular; Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic; Thyroid cancer, Hurthle cell; Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma; venous thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism; Blood coagulation factors. The studies, which include any changes in hemostasis and thyroid cancer were included and reviewed.ResultsAlthough few studies have shown a possible increase in VTE occurrence in thyroid cancer in patients ≥ 60 years old and in proximity to cancer diagnosis, other studies could not find any difference compared to general population. New thyroid cancer classification excluding common subtype(s) with benign nature, may affect the results of the future studies on association of VTE and thyroid cancer.ConclusionsProspective studies on the occurrence of VTE in various types and severities of thyroid cancer and in different age groups are warranted, as the results would affect clinical practice on the necessity of usage of anticoagulants in some thyroid cancer groups.
“…5 The utilisation of these two markers has been singularly successful in breast cancer, where the two markers are used linearly with definite cut-off points to identify early relapse and poor prognosis. 6,7,11–15 Figure 2.Comparison of uPA/PAI-1 ratios for freeze-dried prostate tissue samples and the corresponding frozen samples from 25 patients presenting with PCa and BPH prostate abnormalities. Horizontal lines represent the mean uPA/PAI-1 ratio in each group of samples.…”
Background: Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) have been shown to be of merit as biomarkers for a variety of cancers. Prostate tissue resections from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia were analysed to determine the influence of freeze-drying on the recovery of uPA and PAI-1 and their predictive performance. Methods: Prostate tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenised into a fine powder in a precooled stainless steel punch homogeniser. One aliquot of the powder was extracted directly, and a second aliquot was freeze-dried overnight and then extracted. The extracts were analysed by FEMTELLE assay to determine the concentrations of uPA and PAI-1. uPA/PAI-1 ratios were calculated for each sample, and the mean ratios for the frozen and the lyophilised tissue were compared. Results: The concentrations of uPA measured for the frozen and lyophilised samples are strongly correlated (R ¼ 0.90 AE 0.05). The same applies to the PAI-1 measured (R ¼ 0.89 AE 0.03). The uPA/PAI-1 ratios for the lyophilised and frozen samples were strongly correlated. The uPA/PAI-1 ratios for frozen and lyophilised samples were found to be essentially the same with values of 0.0344 AE 0.0066 and 0.0340 AE 0.0068, respectively (P ¼ 0.9633). Conclusion: The recovery of uPA and PAI-1 from a deep frozen prostate tissue homogenate followed by freeze-drying proceeds with a loss of 10 and 11%, respectively, with no influence on the uPA/PAI-1 ratio. Lyophilisation is a safe procedure for the preservation of frozen prostate tissue samples as it permits recovery of the markers without compromising their use for diagnostic purposes.
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