Urogenital System

Cline, J. Mark; Brignolo, Laurie; Ford, Elizabeth W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381366-4.00010-9

Cited by 17 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 346 publications

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“…15 Specifically, humans and nonhuman primates have similar maternal-fetal immunology and physiology, menstrual cycles (monthly), zygosity patterns (singleton fetus is most common), placentas (discoid), and parturition patterns (serum progesterone does not decrease prior to labor). 9;16–18 For these reasons, investigative paradigms involving pregnancy, embryo transfer, contraception and infection-mediated preterm birth are well established in the macaque. 14;19–24 Of particular relevance to human studies is that the macaque, unlike all other animal models used for studies of preterm birth, are not obligate quadripeds, which means that biomechanical forces on the cervix are likely to be more similar to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Shear Wave Speed in the Rhesus Macaques’ Uterine Cervix

Huang

Drehfal

Rosado‐Mendez

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Cervical softness is a critical parameter in pregnancy. Clinically, preterm birth is associated with premature cervical softening and post-dates birth is associated with delayed cervical softening. In practice, the assessment of softness is subjective, based on digital examination. Fortunately, objective, quantitative techniques to assess softness and other parameters associated with microstructural cervical change are emerging. One of these is shear wave speed (SWS) estimation. In principle, this allows objective characterization of stiffness because waves travel more slowly in softer tissue. We are studying SWS in humans and rhesus macaques, the latter in order to accelerate translation from bench to bedside. For the current study, we estimated SWS in ex vivo cervices of rhesus macaques, n=24 nulliparous (never given birth) and n=9 multiparous (delivered at least 1 baby). Misoprostol (a prostaglandin used to soften human cervices prior to gynecological procedures) was administered to 13 macaques prior to necropsy (nulliparous: 7, multiparous: 6). SWS measurements were made at predetermined locations from the distal to proximal end of the cervix on both the anterior and posterior cervix, with 5 repeat measures at each location. The intent was to explore macaque cervical microstructure, including biological and spatial variability, to elucidate the similarities and differences between the macaque and the human cervix in order to facilitate future in vivo studies. We found that SWS is dependent on location in the normal nonpregnant macaque cervix, as in the human cervix. Unlike the human cervix, we detected no difference between ripened and unripened rhesus macaque cervix samples, nor nulliparous versus multiparous samples, although we observed a trend toward stiffer tissue in nulliparous samples. We found rhesus macaque cervix to be much stiffer than human, which is important for technique refinement. These findings are useful for guiding study of cervical microstructure in both humans and macaques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Shear Wave Speed in the Rhesus Macaques’ Uterine Cervix

Huang

Drehfal

Rosado‐Mendez

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…Although competing theories for their origin exist , it is generally accepted that teratomas arise from totipotential primordial germ cells such as those in the ovaries and testes and sometimes in sequestered midline embryonic rests . In nonhuman primates, ovarian teratomas have been reported in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques and other species ; to the authors’ knowledge, there have been no reports of testicular teratomas in nonhuman primates or of extragonadal teratomas in either sex .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

An extragonadal teratoma in a female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Schelling

Morton

2015

J of Medical Primatology

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“…92 Other characteristics not addressed here that vary by species include cervical anatomy 93 and sex skin patterns. 94,95…”

Section: Endogenous and Exogenous Effects On The Reproductive System mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Background pathology of macaques has been extensively reviewed, and the reader is referred to these works for descriptions of common lesions, such as endometriosis. 94,95,110 Selected background lesions that may present challenges in study interpretation are included here.…”

Section: Endogenous and Exogenous Effects On The Reproductive System mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology

et al. 2019

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During the past 20 years, investigations involving endocrine active substances (EAS) and reproductive toxicity have dominated the landscape of ecotoxicological research. This has occurred in concert with heightened awareness in the scientific community, general public, and governmental entities of the potential consequences of chemical perturbation in humans and wildlife. The exponential growth of experimentation in this field is fueled by our expanding knowledge into the complex nature of endocrine systems and the intricacy of their interactions with xenobiotic agents. Complicating factors include the ever-increasing number of novel receptors and alternate mechanistic pathways that have come to light, effects of chemical mixtures in the environment versus those of single EAS laboratory exposures, the challenge of differentiating endocrine disruption from direct cytotoxicity, and the potential for transgenerational effects. Although initially concerned with EAS effects chiefly in the thyroid glands and reproductive organs, it is now recognized that anthropomorphic substances may also adversely affect the nervous and immune systems via hormonal mechanisms and play substantial roles in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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Urogenital System

Cited by 17 publications

References 346 publications

Estimation of Shear Wave Speed in the Rhesus Macaques’ Uterine Cervix

Estimation of Shear Wave Speed in the Rhesus Macaques’ Uterine Cervix

An extragonadal teratoma in a female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology

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