Background: Even if functionally effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms relief, the morphological changes in the prostatic urethra and bladder cavity resulting from Aquablation treatment are still unknown. This study aims to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of Aquablation within one-year post-surgery, focusing on functional and endoscopic outcomes.
Methods: Prospective enrollment of patients undergoing Aquablation (10/2018–04/2023) included those with baseline International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥10, prostate volume <80 mL, and Qmax ≤12 mL/s. Functional outcomes were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months using uroflowmetry (Qmax), evaluation of post void residue (PVR), IPSS, Quality of life (QoL)-IPSS, Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for ejaculatory dysfuncton(MSHQ-EjD) and Incontinence Severity Index (ISI). Cystoscopy at three months assessed ablation quality on a Likert scale (1-poor; 5-excellent). Measurements included cavity length post-treatment (bladder neck to distal prostatic cavity rim) and preserved prostatic tissue length at the apex (distal prostatic cavity rim to the sphincter). Additional evaluations encompassed veru-montanum preservation, presence of residual fluffy tissue or mucous flaps, ureteral orifices and bladder trigone injuries.
Results: Out of 109 enrolled patients, one-year follow-up displayed significant improvements in Qmax (+103.08%), PVR (-75.13%), IPSS (-86.36%), and IPSS-QoL (-80.00%). Aquablation had no impact on erectile function and continence, preserving ejaculatory function in 96.3%. Of the 106 patients undergoing the three-month cystoscopy, prostatic urethra patency was satisfactory to perfect in 96.2%, with a median cavity length of 24 ± 8.2 mm. Residual median lobe occurred in 11.3%, without significant impact on micturition outcomes. Positive outcomes included minimal fluffy tissue and mucosal flaps, and well-preserved ureteral meatuses, verumontanum, and bladder trigone.
Conclusion: Aquablation effectively alleviates BPH-related LUTS with minimal impact on ejaculation up to one year post-surgery. A three-month post-surgery endoscopic evaluation supports its safety, efficacy, and precise ablation planning.